Table 1.

Pre-hospital stroke scales and parameters assessed.

Clinical prediction tool	Parameters assessed
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
Cincinnati Pre-hospital Stroke Severity Scale (CPSSS) (37)	•Conjugate gaze deviation •Questions and commands •Arm weakness
Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) (38)	•Facial droop •Arm drift •Grip strength
Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE) (39)	•Facial palsy •Arm motor function •Leg motor function •Head and gaze deviation •Aphasia •Agnosia
3-item Stroke Scale (3-item SS) (40)	•Consciousness •Gaze and head deviation •Hemiparesis
Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED) (41)	•Facial palsy •Arm weakness •Speech changes •Eye deviation •Extinction/neglect
Stroke Vision, Aphasia, Neglect (VAN) (42)	•Arm weakness •Visual disturbance •Aphasia •Neglect
Conveniently-Grasped Field Assessment Stroke Triage (CG-FAST) (43)	•LOC questions •Gaze •Facial palsy •Arm weakness •Speech problems