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. 2019 Sep 13;9:875. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00875

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Establishment of PDOX from a percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) of metastatic pancreatic cancer. (A) Preparation of needle biopsy. Abdominal CT, ultrasonography and image of a patient who underwent PLB. Scale bar = 1 cm. (B) Method for orthotopic implantation of a needle biopsy sample. An incision and wrapping were made in the tail of an exposed pancreas, followed by suturing of the biopsy. (C) Monitoring of tumor volume by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in PDOX models. (D) Retention of histopathological features of primary tumors by PDOX tumors. H&E staining showed similar histological morphologies of PDOX tumors (F1, F2, and F3) and the PLB sample from a patient (F0). Scale bars = 1 mm, 100 μm. (E) Top, Distant metastasis in the PDOX model. Images from laparotomy of the PDOX 3 months after orthotopic implantation of a PLB sample. The yellow arrows indicate liver metastases. Scale bar = 1 cm. SMI, small intestine; STM, stomach. Scale bar = 1 cm. Bottom, H&E staining of the metastatic liver (left bottom) and lung (right bottom) in the F1 xenograft were similar to that of the original primary tumor shown in (D). Scale bar = 100 μm.