Table 2.1. Univariate relationships of carotid intima-media thickness and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance with age, blood pressure and metabolic parameters separated by gender.

Variable	Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance				Carotid intima-media thickness
	Women (n = 398)		Men (n = 333)		Women (n = 398)		Men (n = 333)
	βst	p value	βst	p value	βst	p value	βst	p value
Age	−0.04	0.40	0.10	0.08	0.68	< 0.0001	0.66	< 0.0001
Body mass index	0.51	< 0.0001	0.54	< 0.0001	0.26	< 0.0001	0.20	0.0002
Waist circumference	0.51	< 0.0001	0.57	< 0.0001	0.34	< 0.0001	0.28	< 0.0001
Systolic blood pressure	0.21	< 0.0001	0.16	0.01	0.29	< 0.0001	0.22	< 0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure	0.25	< 0.0001	0.17	0.06	0.17	0.0005	0.21	0.0002
Fasting blood glucose	0.41	< 0.0001	0.52	< 0.0001	0.24	< 0.0001	0.23	< 0.0001
2 hour post load glucose	0.29	< 0.0001	0.40	< 0.0001	0.14	0.0039	0.20	0.0002
Fasting insulin	0.98	< 0.0001	0.98	< 0.0001	0.04	0.46	−0.02	0.11
2 hour post load insulin	0.59	< 0.0001	0.70	< 0.0001	0.05	0.31	0.14	0.0102
Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance	–	–	–	–	0.08	0.10	0.12	0.0280
Glycated haemoglobin	0.28	< 0.0001	0.20	0.0029	0.34	< 0.0001	0.30	< 0.0001
Total cholesterol	0.02	0.71	0.02	0.76	0.26	< 0.0001	0.18	0.0009
Triglycerides	0.30	< 0.0001	0.39	< 0.0001	0.14	0.0039	0.16	0.0030
Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol	0.11	0.0260	0.04	0.44	0.30	< 0.0001	0.14	0.0085
High density lipoprotein-cholesterol	−0.32	< 0.0001	−0.39	< 0.0001	−0.11	0.0286	0.03	0.60
High-sensitive C-reactive protein	0.29	< 0.0001	0.13	0.01	0.14	0.0052	0.10	0.07
Visceral adiposity index	0.40	< 0.0001	0.49	< 0.0001	0.20	< 0.0001	0.14	0.0083
Carotid intima-media thickness	0.08	0.10	0.12	0.0280	–	–	–	–