Table 4.1. Multiple linear regression analysis of variables including homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance influencing carotid intima-media thickness separated by gender^*.

Variable	Women (n = 398)			Men (n = 333)
	Effect size (βst)	Standard error	p value	Effect size (βst)	Standard error	p value
Age	0.66	0.03	< 0.0001	0.65	0.03	< 0.0001
Systolic blood pressure	0.08	0.07	0.11	0.11	0.09	0.06
Diastolic blood pressure	−0.05	0.07	0.30	−0.08	0.10	0.18
Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol	0.02	0.03	0.68	−0.02	0.03	0.60
High-sensitive C-reactive protein	0.08	0.01	0.06	0.05	0.01	0.28
Visceral adiposity index	0.04	0.02	0.35	0.08	0.02	0.08
Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance	0.07	0.02	0.10	0.01	0.02	0.89
Smoking	0.02	0.01	0.68	0.01	0.01	0.82

^*＝not adjusted for BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol (already included in visceral adiposity index)