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. 2019 Sep 19;9:13569. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49888-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Depiction of a simplified SEM (χ2 159 = 249.8, RMSEA = 0.047; CFI = 0.965) showing only all significant main effects of loneliness (lone) and number of confidants (social) as well as the interaction of age (lone*age), sex (lone*sex), education (lone*sex), morbidity (lo*orb), depression (lone*dpr) and optimism (lone*op) with loneliness, which are regressed on the intercorrelated latent brain factors (circles, intercorrelations not shown). Squares represent observed variables. Double-headed arrows with both heads pointing on a manifest variable represent the variance of a variable. Loneliness, depressive affect, openness and educations are represented as mean scores (squares). dlPFC = dorso-lateral-prefrontal cortex, mOFC = medio-orbito-prefrontal cortex, ACC = anterior cingulate cortex, AMY = amygdala, HC = hippocampus, I = insula, and NAcc = nucleus accumbens. Regression coefficients represent standardized estimates.