Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Sep 13;10:1018. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01018

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2019 Fu, Jia, Yue, Yang, Guo, Ni and Shi

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Trigger factors’ effect on the regulation of heme biosynthesis. If (I) Induction of HO-1 can catabolize heme and then ALAS1 is de-repressed through the negative regulation network. If (II) Alcohol can induce attacks through the inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase and subsequently lead to the accumulation of porphyrin precursors. If (III) Fasting can upregulate the transcription of ALAS1 through the increased production of PGC-1α. If (IV) The hormones estrogen, progesterone and testosterone can increase the enzyme activity of ALA synthase. If (V) The drug metabolism can stimulate heme production, particularly those which need metabolism throughout the cytochrome P450 system, resulting in the excess production of heme precursors. If (VI) The elements of cigarette smoke may stimulate the P450 system and the steroid hormones balance in smokers may be altered.