Table 1. The characteristics of included guidelines.
| Guideline identifier, year (Ref. #) | Organizations for guideline development | Areas applied | Target clinical problem | AGREE rigor scores (%) | Strength of recommendations | Number of lipid recommendations | Proportion of authors RWI | Proportion of reviewers RWI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NICE1, 2014 (17) | NICE | British | CV risk assessment and the modification of blood lipids for the primary and secondary prevention of CVD | 94 | Strongly recommended | 96 | 7/12 (58.3%) | 1/4 (25.0%) |
| AHA1, 2018 (18) | AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA | U.S. | Management of blood cholesterol | 86 | Strongly recommended | 74 | 0/24 (0) | 15/41 (37.0%) |
| ESC1, 2016 (19) | ESC, EAS | Europe | Management of dyslipidemia | 72 | Strongly recommended | 77 | 16/19 (84.2%) | 55/73 (75.3%) |
| AACE1, 2017 (2) | AACE/ACE | U.S. | Management of dyslipidemia and prevention of CVD | 71 | Strongly recommended | 87 | 16/16 (100%) | 2/NA |
| NLA1, 2015 (20) | NLA | U.S. | Patient-centered management of dyslipidemia | 69 | Strongly recommended | 48 | 11/12 (91.7%) | NA |
| CCS1, 2016 (21) | CCS | Canada | Management of dyslipidemia for the prevention of CVD in the adults | 63 | Strongly recommended | 39 | NA | NA |
| IAS1, 2014 (22) | IAS | International | Management of dyslipidemia | 53 | Recommended | 9 | 15/17 (88.2%) | |
| ESC2, 2013 (23) | ESC | Europe | Management of stable CAD | 70 | Strongly recommended | 5 | 19/24 (79.2%) | 24/28 (85.7%) |
| ESC3, 2015 (24) | ESC | Europe | Management of ACS in patients presenting without persistent STE | 64 | Recommended | 3 | 18/19 (94.7%) | 56/71 (83.1%) |
| ESC4, 2016 (25) | ESC EACPR |
Europe | CVD prevention in clinical practice | 59 | Recommended | 3 | 17/27 (63.0%) | 50/74 (67.6%) |
| ESC5, 2017 (26) | ESC | Europe | Management of acute MI in patients presenting with STE | 65 | Recommended | 4 | 15/19 (78.9%) | 56/80 (70.0%) |
| ACCF1, 2011 (27) | ACCF/AHA | U.S. | CABG surgery in adults | 48 | Recommended | 5 | 8/23 (34.8%) | 20/38 (52.6%) |
| ACCF2, 2012 (28) | AACF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS | U.S. | Diagnosis and management of patients with SIHD in adults | 71 | Strongly recommended | 4 | 14/26 (52.8%) | 15/30 (50.0%) |
| ACCF3, 2013 (29) | ACCF/AHA | U.S. | Management of STE MI | 60 | Recommended | 2 | 12/23 (52.2%) | 17/30 (56.7%) |
| AHA1, 2011 (30) | AHA/ACCF | U.S. | Secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy | 61 | Strongly recommended | 14 | 11/18 (61.1%) | 10/18 (55.6%) |
| AHA2, 2014 (31) | AHA/ACCF | U.S. | Management of patients with NSTE ACS | 67 | Strongly recommended | 2 | 7/17 (41.2%) | 23/45 (51.1%) |
| NHFA/CSANZ1, 2016 (32) | NHFA/CSANZ | Australian | Management of ACS | 53 | Recommended | 1 | 7/10 (70.0%) | 13/NA |
| JCS1&, 2011 (33) | JCS | Japan | Clinical application of bypass grafts and the surgical techniques | 42 | Recommended | 1 | NA | NA |
| JCS2&, 2011 (34) | JCS | Japan | Management of MI | 38 | Not recommended | 4 | NA | NA |
&, guidelines developed by JCS published in English are digest version. AACE, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ACVPR, American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; AAPA, American Academy of Physician Assistants; AATS, American Association for Thoracic Surgery; ABC, Association of Black Cardiologists; ACC, American College of Cardiology; ACCF, American College of Cardiology Foundation; ACP, American College of Physicians; ACPM, American College of Preventive Medicine; ACS, Acute Coronary Syndromes; ADA, American Diabetes Association; AGREE, Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation; AGS, American Geriatrics Society; AHA, American Heart Association; APhA, American Pharmacists Association; ASPC, American Society for Preventive Cardiology; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, Coronary Artery Disease; CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; CV, Cardiovascular; CVD, Cardiovascular Disease; EACR, European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation; EAS, European Atherosclerosis Society; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; IAS, International Atherosclerosis Society; JCS, Japanese Circulation Society; MI, myocardial infarction; NHFA/CSANZ, National Heart Foundation of Australia/Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand; NICE, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; NLA, National Lipid Association; NSTE, Non–ST-Elevation; PCNA, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association; RWI, Relationships with Industry or other entities; SCAI, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; SIHD, Stable Ischemic Heart Disease; STE, ST-Elevation; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons; U.S., United States.