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. 2019 Sep 13;10:1030. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01030

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Copyright © 2019 Song, Chu, Liang, Chen, Liang, Huang, Zhang and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dioscin inhibits Dox-induced AML-12 cell damage and liver injury in mice. (A) Chemical structure of dioscin. (B) Dox-induced nephrotoxicity on AML-12 cell. (C) Cytotoxicity of dioscin on AML-12 cells and the effects of dioscin on cell viability induced by Dox. (D) Effects of dioscin (50, 100, and 200 ng/ml) for 24-h pretreatment on the cellular morphology and structure of AML-12 cells by bright image (200× magnification) investigation. (E) Effects of dioscin on AST and ALT levels in mice. (F) H&E staining (200× original magnification) of the liver tissue in mice. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 5 for in vitro test and n = 8 for in vivo test). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the model group. ^## p < 0.01 compared with the control group. ALT, alanine transaminase; AML-12, alpha mouse liver 12; AST, aspartate transaminase; Dox, doxorubicin; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin.