Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of BRAVO participants by maternal pre-pregnancy BMI tertiles.
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI
(kg/m2) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 14–20 (n = 194) | 20–24 (n = 192) | 24–47 (n = 194) | P value | |
| Status trial (intervention) | 580 | 50.0 | 55.7 | 49.0 | 0.36 |
| Maternal characteristics | |||||
| Mean (SD) age at giving birth (years) | 484 | 27 (6) | 28 (5) | 30 (6) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 580 | 44 (5) | 52 (5) | 66 (9) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) height (cm) | 580 | 156 (6) | 155 (6) | 156 (6) | 0.11 |
| Education (%) | 0.51 | ||||
| Uneducated, elementary/junior school | 155 | 24.2 | 31.1 | 25.4 | |
| Senior high school | 381 | 69.6 | 61.6 | 66.8 | |
| University | 41 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 7.8 | |
| Occupational status (employed) (%) | 577 | 27.6 | 23.4 | 24.4 | 0.61 |
| Type of job (white collar) (%) | 141 | 56.9 | 59.1 | 60.0 | 0.95 |
| Family income (per month) (%) | 0.69 | ||||
| ≤ IDR 750,000 | 76 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 16.3 | |
| IDR 750,000– ≤ IDR 3,000,000 | 318 | 56.1 | 56.1 | 56.3 | |
| IDR 3,000,000– > IDR 9,000,000 | 172 | 31.7 | 32.1 | 27.3 | |
| (Pre-)eclampsia (yes) (%) | 462 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 0.75 |
| Prenatal smoking (yes) (%) | 450 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 0.34 |
| Prenatal alcohol use (yes) (%) | 476 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | >0.99 |
| Median (IQR) parity (n) | 578 | 2 (1) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | <0.001 |
| Paternal characteristics | |||||
| Mean (SD) BMI (kg/m2) | 465 | 22 (3) | 23 (4) | 24 (4) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) weight (kg) | 466 | 61 (10) | 64 (12) | 66 (11) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) height (cm) | 466 | 166 (7) | 167 (6) | 166 (6) | 0.39 |
| Education (%) | 0.57 | ||||
| Uneducated, elementary/junior school | 105 | 21.9 | 24.4 | 19.9 | |
| Senior high school | 320 | 71.0 | 64.6 | 66.7 | |
| University – undergraduate | 50 | 7.1 | 10.9 | 13.5 | |
| Occupational status (employed) (%) | 475 | 95.5 | 98.2 | 97.5 | 0.36 |
| Type of job (white collar) (%) | 454 | 31.3 | 23.9 | 27.0 | 0.36 |
| Smoking (yes) (%) | 451 | 68.2 | 66.0 | 66.0 | 0.89 |
| Child characteristics | |||||
| Gender (men) (%) | 575 | 57.3 | 55.5 | 57.3 | 0.92 |
| Mean (SD) gestational age (weeks) | 446 | 39 (2) | 39 (1) | 39 (1) | 0.12 |
| Mean (SD) birthweight (g) | 501 | 3017 (383) | 3137 (416) | 3196 (445) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) birth length (cm) | 496 | 48 (2) | 48 (2) | 49 (2) | 0.10 |
| Prenatal second hand smoke exposure (%) (yes) | 452 | 23.0 | 17.5 | 20.7 | 0.50 |
| Breastfeeding (%) (any, during first year) | 524 | 92.6 | 97.7 | 93.2 | 0.08 |
BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range.