Table 1.
Participant demographic and smoking-related information.
| Whole sample (N = 358) |
Quit group (n = 137) |
Reduce group (n = 100) |
Relapse group (n = 121) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex: | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | Test statistic | P |
| Male | 306 (85.5) | 115 (83.9) | 89 (89.0) | 102 (84.3) | χ2=1.40 | 0.50 |
| Female | 52 (14.5) | 22 (16.1) | 11 (11.0) | 19 (15.7) | ||
| Race: | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| White | 307 (85.8) | 116 (84.7) | 82 (82.0) | 109 (90.1) | χ2=4.68 | 0.32 |
| American Indian / Alaska Native | 6 (1.7) | 4 (2.9) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Asian | 6 (1.7) | 3 (2.2) | 2 (2.0) | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Mixed | 26 (7.3) | 9 (6.6) | 11 (11.0) | 6 (5.0) | ||
| Other | 13 (3.7) | 5 (3.6) | 4 (4.0) | 4 (3.3) | ||
| Education: | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Some high school or less | 14 (3.9) | 4 (2.9) | 4 (4.0) | 6 (5.0) | χ2=6.41 | 0.78 |
| High school or equivalent | 40 (11.2) | 14 (10.2) | 10 (10.0) | 16 (13.2) | ||
| Some college | 153 (42.7) | 60 (43.8) | 41 (41.0) | 52 (43.0) | ||
| College degree | 73 (20.4) | 27 (19.7) | 22 (22.0) | 24 (19.8) | ||
| Some grad./professional school | 34 (9.5) | 12 (8.8) | 14 (14.0) | 8 (6.6) | ||
| Graduate/professional degree | 44 (12.3) | 20 (14.6) | 9 (9.0) | 15 (12.4) | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Test statistic | P | |
| Age (years) | 31.1 (11.2) | 31.2 (10.9) | 30.2 (10.5) | 31.7 (12.0) | H=0.55 | 0.76 |
| Age started smoking | 15.6 (3.2) | 15.5 (3.4) | 15.4 (2.9) | 15.8 (3.3) | H=0.38 | 0.83 |
| Years smoking | 7.7 (7.1) | 8.2 (7.9) | 7.2 (5.8) | 7.7 (7.0) | H=0.15 | 0.93 |
| Cigs./day before psychedelic exp. | 14.0 (9.6) | 13.9 (10.1) a,b | 12.8 (9.1) a | 15.2 (9.3) b | H=7.21 | 0.03 |
| Previous quit attempts | 4.9 (5.3) | 4.3 (4.6) | 5.2 (5.5) | 5.3 (5.7) | H=1.62 | 0.45 |
| FTCD (smoking dependence) | 3.7 (2.4) | 3.7 (2.4) | 3.3 (2.5) | 4.0 (2.4) | H=4.72 | 0.09 |
| QSU (craving) pre-quit/reduction | 111.6 (26.1) | 109.3 (27.6) | 114.2 (24.6) | 111.9 (25.4) | F=1.05 | 0.35 |
| QSU (craving) post-quit/reduction | 87.5 (37.3) | 61.7 (17.4)a | 87.5 (31.5)b | 116.8 (36.8)c | H=149 | <0.001 |
Note: Between-groups chi-square analyses are shown for sex, race, and education. For all other categories, between-groups one-way ANOVA analyses or Kruskal-Wallis tests are shown. For all analyses, significant p values (p < 0.05) are shown in bold. For variables with significant main effects, group values not sharing a common letter are significantly different based on Tukey-corrected pairwise comparison or Dunn’s multiple comparisons. FTCD = Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence. QSU = Questionnaire on Smoking Urges.