Table 3.

Pre-specified time-varying covariates included in the conditional Poisson regression model

Category	Component	Description	Identification method
Drugs that interact with sulfonylureas	ACE inhibitorsa	benazepril, enalapril, lisinopril, perindopril, ramipril, captopril, fosinopril, moexipril, quinapril, trandolapril	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	ARBsa	losartan, candesartan, valsartan, irbesartan, eprosartan, olmesartan, telmisartan, azilsartan	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	Beta blockersa	acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, carteolol, carvedilol, labetalol, metoprolol, nadolol, nebivolol, penbutolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	MAO inhibitorsa	isocarboxazid, phenelzine, selegiline, tranylcypromine	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	Quinolonesb	cinoxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, moxifloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, trovafloxacin	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	Salicylatesa	aspirin, choline salicylate, magnesium salicylate, magnesium salicylate tetrahydrate, salsalate, sodium salicylate	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	Othersa	sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, haloperidol, quinidine, quinine, pentamidine, chloramphenicol, chloroquine, clofibrate, disopyramide	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
Drugs that can cause hyperglycemia	Atypical antipsychoticsa	aripiprazole, clozapine, iloperidone, lurasidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	Calcineurin inhibitorsa	cyclosporine, sirolimus, tacrolimus	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	Corticosteroidsa	betamethasone, budesonide, cortisone, dexamethasone, fluodrocortisone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, prednisone, triamcinolone	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	Protease inhibitorsa	amprenavir, atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, tipranavir	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	Retinoida	tretinoin, isotretinoin, acitretin	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	Thiazide and thiazide-like diureticsa	bendroflumethiazide, benthiazide, chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, indapamide, methyclothiazide, metolazone, polythiazide, trichlormethiazide	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
Drugs that interact with sulfonylureas	CYP2C9 inhibitors	fluconazoleb, cotrimoxazoleb, fenofibratea	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
	CYP3A4 inhibitors	azithromycinb, clarithromycinb, erythromycinb, simvastatina, gemfibrozila	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply
Major non-chronic condition that may affect hypoglycemia	Acute infectionb	acute infection identified at any position of discharge diagnosis on inpatient or outpatient claims	ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes, admission or service date
Average daily dose of object drugs*	Average daily dose of sulfonylureas and metforminc	defined by [(prescription quantity × strength) / (prescription days’ supply)]	NDC, dispensing date, days' supply, quantity, strength

NDC: National Drug Code. CYP: cytochrome P450 enzyme. ICD-9-CM: International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision Clinical Modification. CPT: Current Procedural Terminology. HCPCS: Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System. ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme. ARB: angiotensin II receptor antagonists. MAO: monoamine oxidase.

^aMeasured as a day-level binary variable indicating being dispensed on the current day (refers to each day during the observation time as current) or any time during the 31 days prior to the current day.

^bMeasured as a day-level binary variable indicating being dispensed on the current day or any time during the 15 days prior to the current day.

^cMeasured as a day-level continuous variable on the current day, based on the prescription active on the current day.

^*covariates additionally adjusted in the sensitivity analysis.