Skip to main content
. 2019 Sep 20;16(9):e1002908. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002908

Table 4. Risk of stigmatizing personal beliefs by treatment assignment based on Poisson regression.

Stigmatizing Personal Beliefs Unwilling for family member to marry Is receiving divine punishment Brings shame on family
ARR (95% CI) p-value ARR (95% CI) p-value ARR (95% CI) p-value
Control Reference Reference Reference
Schizophrenia Mental illness 2.9 (2.0–4.2) <0.001 2.0 (1.3–2.9) 0.001 2.8 (2.0–3.8) <0.001
+ Treatment 2.9 (1.9–4.4) <0.001 1.9 (1.0–3.3) 0.035 2.2 (1.4–3.6) 0.001
+ Relapse 2.8 (1.9–4.2) <0.001 1.7 (1.1–2.7) 0.020 2.5 (1.8–3.5) <0.001
Bipolar Mental illness 3.0 (1.9–4.5) <0.001 2.5 (1.9–3.3) <0.001 3.1 (2.2–4.4) <0.001
+ Treatment 2.6 (1.9–3.6) <0.001 1.8 (1.3–2.6) <0.001 2.4 (1.7–3.3) <0.001
+ Relapse 2.7 (1.8–4.1) <0.001 1.5 (1.0–2.3) 0.03 2.4 (1.8–3.2) <0.001
Depression Mental illness 2.7 (1.8–4.1) <0.001 1.7 (1.2–2.3) 0.002 2.6 (1.8–3.7) <0.001
+ Treatment 2.7 (1.8–4.1) <0.001 1.8 (1.1–3.1) 0.027 2.3 (1.6–3.5) <0.001
+ Relapse 3.0 (2.0–4.5) <0.001 1.5 (0.8–2.5) 0.177 2.2 (1.5–3.2) <0.001

Abbreviations: ARR, adjusted risk ratio.