Table 2. The associated factors of disease relapse in pregnancy among SLE women.
| Variables | No Relapse (n = 115) | Relapse (n = 77) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at conception (years) | 31.1 ± 4.1 | 30.6 ± 4.0 | 0.69 |
| Disease duration at conception (years) | 7.7 ± 5.3 | 7.3 ± 4.7 | 0.39 |
| Ethnic, % (n) | |||
| Malay | 74.8 (86) | 58.4 (45) | 0.04* |
| Chinese | 16.5 (19) | 31.2 (24) | 0.05# |
| Indian | 7.0 (8) | 7.8 (6) | 0.59 |
| Others | 1.7 (2) | 2.6 (2) | 0.89 |
| Prior SLE system involvement | |||
| Lupus nephritis, % (n) | 59.1 (68) | 53.2 (41) | 0.46 |
| Haematology, % (n) | 61.7 (71) | 74.0 (57) | 0.09 |
| Musculoskeletal, % (n) | 82.6 (95) | 67.5 (52) | 0.02 |
| Mucocutaneous, % (n) | 55.7 (64) | 50.6 (39) | 0.57 |
| Neuropsychiatry, % (n) | 7.5 (9) | 5.2 (4) | 0.57 |
| APLS, % (n) | 10.4 (12) | 14.3 (11) | 0.49 |
| Pregnancy prior to 2009, % (n) | 33.9 (39) | 39.0 (30) | 0.54 |
| Duration of remission (months) | 12 (IQR 30) | 1 (IQR 12) | <0.001 |
| Active disease at conception, % (n) | 20.0 (23) | 49.4 (38) | <0.001 |
| Active system at conception | |||
| Lupus nephritis, % (n) | 13.0 (15) | 23.4 (18) | 0.12 |
| Haematology, % (n) | 5.2 (6) | 20.8 (16) | 0.002 |
| Musculoskeletal, % (n) | 2.6 (3) | 5.2 (4) | 0.44 |
| Muco-cutaneous, % (n) | 3.5 (4) | 6.5 (5) | 0.49 |
| Low C3 or C4 pre-pregnancy | 43.5 (50) | 48.1 (37) | 0.58 |
| Anti-dsDNA positive pre-pregnancy, % (n) | 45.2 (52) | 57.1 (44) | 0.14 |
| Group 2 HCQ use**, % (n) | 40.9 (47) | 28.6 (22) | 0.06 |
APLS = antiphospholipid syndrome, HCQ = Hydroxychloroquine, NPSLE = neuropsychiatric lupus
*Malay vs non-Malays
#Chinese vs non-Chinese
** took HCQ 3 months prior and throughout the pregnancy