Table 1.
Study participant characteristics
| All participants |
SBP at treatment initiation |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 130–139 mmHg | ≥140 mmHg | |||
| (N = 43,986) | (n = 14,064) | (n = 29,922) | ||
| Age (years) | 61.5 ± 10.4 | 59.5 ± 10.6 | 62.4 ± 10.2 | <0.001 |
| Male | 42,906 (97.5) | 13,638 (97) | 29,268 (97.8) | <0.001 |
| Race | <0.001 | |||
| Black or African American | 7,161 (16.3) | 2,526 (18) | 4,635 (15.5) | |
| White | 35,401 (80.5) | 11,066 (78.7) | 24,335 (81.3) | |
| Other | 1,424 (3.2) | 472 (3.4) | 952 (3.2) | |
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 3,183 (7.2) | 1,220 (8.7) | 1,963 (6.6) | |
| Not Hispanic or unknown | 40,803 (92.8) | 12,844 (91.3) | 27,959 (93.4) | |
| CVD at baseline | 9,797 (22.3) | 2,962 (21.1) | 6,835 (22.8) | <0.001 |
| Cancer at baseline | 10,001 (22.7) | 3,866 (27.5) | 6,135 (20.5) | <0.001 |
| Mental health disease at baseline | 6,827 (15.5) | 3,031 (21.6) | 3,796 (12.7) | <0.001 |
| Kidney disease at baseline | 339 (0.8) | 52 (0.4) | 287 (1) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | |||
| Current | 8,621 (18.3) | 3,088 (22) | 4,903 (16.4) | |
| Former | 29,174 (61.8) | 8,146 (57.9) | 19,015 (63.5) | |
| Never | 9,426 (20) | 2,830 (20.1) | 6,004 (20.1) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.8 ± 6 | 31.6 ± 5.8 | 31.9 ± 6.1 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5 ± 1.7 | 7.5 ± 1.8 | 7.6 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 58 ± 13 | 58 ± 14 | 60 ± 13 | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 158.2 ± 65.2 | 155.9 ± 65.3 | 159.3 ± 65.2 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes medications | 0.01 | |||
| None | 8,224 (17.4) | 2,404 (17.1) | 5,219 (17.4) | |
| Regimens with insulin | 9,767 (20.7) | 2,991 (21.3) | 6,000 (20.1) | |
| Regimens without insulin | 29,230 (61.9) | 8,669 (61.6) | 18,703 (62.5) | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 186.6 ± 44 | 183.5 ± 42.9 | 188.1 ± 44.4 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 41.5 ± 11.6 | 41.1 ± 11.5 | 41.7 ± 11.6 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 109.9 ± 35.7 | 107.3 ± 34.5 | 111.1 ± 36.1 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 192.4 ± 177.3 | 191.7 ± 187.9 | 192.8 ± 172.1 | 0.53 |
| Lipid medications | 30,847 (70.1) | 9,890 (70.3) | 20,957 (70) | 0.55 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 81.3 ± 18.8 | 83.9 ± 18.2 | 80 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| Elixhauser score | −2.8 ± 5.9 | −3.4 ± 6.6 | −2.5 ± 5.5 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 146.4 ± 12 | 135 ± 2.8 | 151.7 ± 10.9 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.6 ± 8.5 | 77.6 ± 6.9 | 82 ± 8.8 | <0.001 |
| BP medications, n | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive class | ||||
| ACEi/ARB | 27,126 (61.7) | 8,338 (59.3) | 18,788 (62.8) | <0.001 |
| CCB | 6,668 (15.2) | 970 (6.9) | 5,698 (19) | <0.001 |
| BB | 10,261 (23.3) | 2,463 (17.5) | 7,798 (26.1) | <0.001 |
| Diuretic | 11,013 (25) | 2,191 (15.6) | 8,822 (29.5) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up time (years) | 9.3 ± 1.9 | 9.2 ± 1.8 | 9.3 ± 2.0 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range). CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.