Table 3.

Individual adverse neonatal outcomes, stratified by duration of vacuum

	Number of pop-offs
	0	1	2	3 or more
	n = 1,823	n = 674	n = 372	n = 166
Brachial plexus injury (n = 3,035)	5 (0.3%)	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.3%)	0
Facial nerve palsy (n = 3,035)	0	0	0	0
Clavicular fracture (n = 3,035)	9 (0.5%)	5 (0.7%)	4 (1.1%)	0
Skull/other skeletal fracture (n = 3,035)	4 (0.2%)	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.6%)
Skin laceration (n = 3,035)	21 (1.2%)	13 (1.9%)	9 (2.4%)	4 (2.4%)
Intracranial hemorrhage (n = 3,035)	6 (0.3%)	5 (0.7%)	6 (1.6%)	3 (1.8%)
Seizure requiring treatment (n = 3,035)	3 (0.2%)	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.3%)	0
Neonatal death (n = 3,029)	0	1 (0.2%)	0	0
	Duration of operative vaginal delivery (min)
	0–2	3–5	6–8	9–11	12 or more
	n = 850	n = 694	n = 363	n = 163	n = 298
Brachial plexus injury (n = 2,368)	1 (0.1%)	3 (0.4%)	3 (0.8%)	0	0
Facial nerve palsy (n = 2,368)	0	0	0	0	0
Clavicular fracture (n = 2,368)	2 (0.2%)	5 (0.7%)	3 (0.8%)	1 (0.6%)	1 (0.3%)
Skull/other skeletal fracture (n = 2,368)	1 (0.1%)	2 (0.3%)	0	1 (0.6%)	2 (0.7%)
Skin laceration (n = 2,368)	4 (0.5%)	6 (0.9%)	5 (1.4%)	4 (2.5%)	10 (3.4%)
Intracranial hemorrhage (n = 2,368)	1 (0.1%)	4 (0.6%)	3 (0.8%)	1 (0.6%)	5 (1.7%)
Seizure requiring treatment (n = 2,368)	0	1 (0.1%)	1 (0.3%)	0	1 (0.3%)
Neonatal death (n = 2,362)	0	0	0	0	0