. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 20.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Perinatol. 2019 Mar 20;37(5):503–510. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1683439

Table 4.

Association of number of forceps pulls or duration of attempted forceps-assisted delivery with maternal and neonatal morbidities

	Number of pulls
	1	2	3 or more			p-Value^a
	n = 817	n = 306	n = 205			p-Value^a
Failed operative vaginal delivery (n = 1,328)	19 (2.3%)	22 (7.2%)	19 (9.3%)			<0.0001
Severe perineal laceration (n = 1,328)	181 (22.2%)	110 (36.0%)	72 (35.1%)			<0.0001
Composite adverse neonatal outcome (n = 1,327)	32 (3.9%)	9 (2.9%)	11 (5.4%)			0.577
	Duration of operative vaginal delivery (min)
	0–2	3–5	6–8	9–11	12 or more	p-Value^a
	n = 300	n = 478	n = 195	n = 76	n = 94	p-Value^a
Failed operative vaginal delivery (n = 1,143)	8 (2.7%)	14 (2.9%)	14 (7.2%)	8 (10.5%)	10 (10.6%)	<0.0001
Severe perineal laceration (n = 1,143)	68 (22.7%)	139 (29.1%)	56 (28.7%)	24 (31.6%)	34 (36.2%)	0.010
Composite adverse neonatal outcome (n = 1,141)	4 (1.3%)	12 (2.5%)	6 (3.1%)	5 (6.6%)	9 (9.6%)	<0.0001

p-Value is for test of trend.