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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 21.
Published in final edited form as: Sex Transm Infect. 2017 Jul 26;93(Suppl 4):S3–S15. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-053069

Table 1.

Characteristics and results of studies evaluating the diagnostic test accuracy of dual HIV/syphilis RDTs that were included in the meta-analysis according to order of date published

HIV Syphilis
Author and year Location Population Study setting (lab or field) Index test Sample Reference test TP FP FN TN Sens (%) Spec (%) Prev (%) Reference test TP FP FN TN Sens (%) Spec (%) Prev (%)
Ondondo30 2013 Kenya HIV serodiscordant couples Lab SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Serum 2 RDTs, confirmed by 2 EIAs 345 0 1 352 99.7 100.0 49.6 RPR, confirmed by TPHA 85 0 0 559 100.0 100.0 12.2
Chiappe31 2013 Peru Archived specimens Lab SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Serum EIA and WB 91 0 0 571 100.0 100.0 13.7 RPR, confirmed by TPPA 198 2 0 465 100.0 99.6 29.8
Hess32 2014 California, USA STD clinic attendees, IDUs, MSM Field Chembio DPP HIV/Syphilis Assay
(reverse order)
Whole blood EIA 44 2 2 606 95.7 99.7 6.7 TPPA 37 3 41 576 47.4 99.5 10.6
Humphries33 2014 California, USA Archived specimens Lab SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Serum EIA and WB 94 0 2 53 97.9 100.0 64.0 TPPA 80 0 6 64 93.0 100.0 57.3
Humphries33 2014 California, USA Archived specimens Lab Chembio DPP HIV/Syphilis Assay Serum EIA and WB 94 1 2 52 97.9 98.1 64.0 TPPA 82 0 4 64 95.3 100.0 57.3
Humphries33 2014 California, USA Archived specimens Lab MedMira Multiplo
Rapid TP/HIV
Antibody Test
Serum ElA and WB 94 3 2 49 97.9 94.2 64.0 TPPA 81 2 5 62 94.1 96.9 57.3
Omoding34 2014 Uganda Pregnant women Lab SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Serum 3 RDTs 16 1 0 203 100.0 99.5 7.3 TPHA 19 0 0 201 100.0 100.0 8.6
Bristow35 2014 Ghana, Mexico, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Togo, Kenya and Myanmar Archived specimens from STI clinic attendees Lab SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Serum EIA, WB and RDTs 1123 4 1 1208 99.9 99.7 48.1 TPPA/TPHA/EIA 609 4 2 1444 99.7 99.7 29.7
Dagnra36 2014 Togo Key populations Lab SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Serum EIA 107 0 0 203 100.0 100.0 34.5 / / / / / / / /
Bristow37 2015 Peru MSM and transgender women Lab MedMira Multiplo Rapid TP/HIV Antibody Test Serum EIA and WB 74 10 0 114 100.0 91.9 37.4 TPPA 104 6 6 77 94.6 92.8 57.0
Yin38 2015 Nanjing, China, Zaria, Nigeria and Ibadan, Nigeria Archived samples Lab SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Serum EIA 721 8 7 778 99.0 99.0 48.1 TPPA or TPHA 710 7 25 772 96.6 99.1 48.5
Yin38 2015 Nanjing, China, Zaria, Nigeria and Ibadan, Nigeria Archived samples Lab MedMira Multiplo Rapid TP/HIV Antibody Test Serum EIA 724 13 4 773 99.5 98.3 48.1 TPPA or TPHA 692 22 43 757 94.2 97.2 48.5
Yin38 2015 Nanjing, China, Zaria, Nigeria and Ibadan, Nigeria Archived samples Lab Chembio DPP HIV/Syphilis Assay Serum EIA 725 17 3 769 99.6 97.9 48.1 TPPA or TPHA 713 3 22 776 97.0 99.6 48.5
Shimelis39 2015 Ethiopia STI clinic attendees Lab SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Serum RDTs and EIA 200 1 0 199 100 99.5 50.0 TPHA 83 4 2 96 97.6 96.0 45.9
Leon40 2016 Peru MSM and transgender women Lab Chembio DPP HIV/Syphilis Assay Serum EIA and WB 151 4 0 295 100.0 98.7 33.6 TPPA 142 0 8 300 94.7 100.0 33.3
Bristow41 2016 Peru MSM and transgender women Field SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Whole blood EIA and WB 104 2 1 308 99.1 99.4 25.3 TPPA 149 3 18 243 89.2 98.8 40.4
Bristow42 2016 Haiti STI clinic attendees Field SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Whole blood RDTs 128 5 1 164 99.2 97.0 43.3 TPHA and ELISA 109 17 4 168 96.5 90.8 37.9
Bristow43 2016 Peru Sex workers, MSM and transgender women Field MedMira Multiplo Rapid TP/HIV Antibody Test Whole blood EIA and WB 15 0 1 159 93.8 100.0 7.8 TPPA 17 0 4 153 81.0 100.0 10.2
Shakya44 2016 Nepal Pregnant women Lab SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Serum 3 RDTs 19 0 0 9981 100.0 100.0 0.2 RPR, confirmed by TPHA 42 13 2 9943 95.5 99.9 0.4
Black45 2016 South Africa Female sex workers Field SD BIOLINE HIV/Syphilis Duo Test Whole blood EIA 185 0 2 62 98.8 100.0 75.1 TPPA and RPR (titre ≥1:8) 34 4 17 194 66.7 98.0 20.5
Bowen46 2016 Malawi Pregnant women Field Chembio DPP HIV/Syphilis Assay Whole blood RDT / / / / / / / TPPA 55 6 25 1702 68.8 99.6 4.5
Kalou47 2016 Georgia, USA Archived specimens Lab Chembio DPP HIV/Syphilis Assay Serum EIA and WB 426 9 1 554 98.8 100.0 43.1 TPPA & EIA (Trep Sure) 639 2 8 341 98.8 99.4 65.4

EIA, enzyme immunoassay; FP, false positive; FN = false negative; IDU, injection drug user; MSM, men who have sex with men; Prev, prevalence; RDT, rapid diagnostic test; RPR, rapid plasma regain; Sens, sensitivity; Spec, specificity; TN, true negative; TP, true positive; TPHA, Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay; TPPA, T. pallidum particle agglutination assay; WB, Western blot.