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. 2019 Sep 20;9:13629. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49810-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relative expression knockdown in levels of Chitinase and Acetylcholinesterase normalized with optimum reference genes (ELF, HSP70, V-ATPase and Tubulin), ELF (as most stable according to NormFinder, deltaCt, RefFinder algorithm), and two least stable reference gene (Actin and 18S) after feeding Chilo partellus larvae for (A) 5 days of crude extracts of bacterially expressed dsRNA, (B) 15 days of crude extracts of bacterially expressed dsRNA. Values are expression mean ± standard error and diffirent letter indicate significant different (p < 0.05) between the two genes and control (without dsRNA treatment).