Table 1.
Baseline and Injury Characteristics of the Study Subjects.
| Total Cohort (n = 104) | RAP (76.0%) (n = 79) | CCI (21.1%) (n = 22) | Early Deaths (2.9%) (n = 3) | P-value (RAP vs CCI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 48 (28, 60) | 46 (26, 59) | 56 (44, 65) | 50 (38, 73) | 0.0163 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 75 (72.1) | 57 (72.2) | 18 (81.8) | 0 (0) | 0.4218 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.0961 | ||||
| White | 90 (86.5) | 68 (86.1) | 19 (86.4) | 3 (100) | |
| African American | 8 (7.7) | 8 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| American Indian | 2 (1.9) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Pacific Islander | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Asian | 3 (2.9) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Unknown | 75 (72.1) | 57 (72.2) | 18 (81.8) | 0 (0) | |
| Ethnicity (non-hispanic), n (%) | 98 (94.2) | 75 (94.9) | 20 (90.9) | 3 (100) | 0.4546 |
| BMI | 27.2 (24.7, 32.3) | 26.9 (24.5, 32.4) | 27.6 (25.5, 32.3) | 30.5 (29.1, 37) | 0.4057 |
| Number of comorbidities, n (%) | 0.5662 | ||||
| 0 | 35 (33.7) | 28 (35.4) | 7 (31.8) | 0 (0) | |
| 1 | 37 (35.6) | 29 (36.7) | 6 (27.3) | 2 (66.7) | |
| ≥2 | 32 (30.8) | 22 (27.8) | 9 (40.9) | 1 (33.3) | |
| APACHE II score | 23 (17, 29) | 22 (16, 27) | 29 (23, 36) | 37 (30, 41) | 0.0031 |
| GCS | 7.5 (3, 10) | 8 (3, 11) | 6 (3, 10) | 3 (3, 3) | |
| ISS | 34 (24, 41) | 29 (22, 41) | 34 (27, 43) | 42 (41, 43) | 0.1764 |
| Injury mechanism, n (%) | 0.8748 | ||||
| Fall | 8 (7.7) | 7 (8.9) | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Motor vehicle collision | 90 (86.5) | 67 (84.8) | 20 (90.9) | 3 (100) | |
| Other | 6 (5.8) | 5 (6.3) | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Total transfusion (ml) within 24 hours | |||||
| PRBC (units) | 4.5 (1.4, 8.2) | 2.3 (1, 7) | 7 (4.7, 10.5) | 4.7 (4.3, 116.2) | 0.0020 |
| FFP (units) | 1.4 (0, 3.7) | 1.3 (0, 2.9) | 2.9 (0, 4.8) | 2.8 (1, 73.3) | 0.0548 |
| Total crystalloid (ml) within 24 hours | 8717.5 (6784, 12257) | 8446 (6383, 11425) | 11081.5 (7376, 15259) | 10123 (8318, 13039) | 0.0195 |
| Worst base deficit (meq/L) within 24 hours | −8.3 (−11.8, −4) | −7.2 (−10.7, −3.4) | −11.8 (−13.8, −7) | −16 (−17.4, −8.5) | 0.0078 |
| Highest lactate (mmol/L) within 24 hours | 4.8 (3.3, 6.6) | 4.4 (3.2, 5.7) | 6.3 (3.5, 7.8) | 7.9 (2.6, 11) | 0.0189 |
| Lowest ED SBP (mm Hg) | 85 (68.5, 97) | 88 (74, 100) | 68 (56, 89) | 69 (49, 92) | 0.0033 |
| Initial ED SBP (mm Hg) | 115 (98, 134) | 119 (104, 137) | 105.5 (96, 117) | 92 (57, 127) | 0.0647 |
| ED systolic <90 mm Hg, n (%) | 19 (18.3) | 14 (17.7) | 3 (13.6) | 2 (66.7) | 0.7586 |
Abbreviations: RAP = rapid recovery; CCI = chronic critical illness; BMI = body mass index; APACHE II = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; GCS = Glasgow Coma Score; ISS = injury severity score; PRBC = packed red blood cells; FFP = fresh frozen plasma; ED = emergency department; SBP = systolic blood pressure. Data are represented as median (25th, 75th) if not indicated.