Table 2.
Patient Outcomes and Complications.
| Total Cohort (n = 104) | RAP (76.0%) (n = 79) | CCI (21.1%) (n = 22) | Early Deaths (2.9%) (n = 3) | P-value (RAP vs CCI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 day-mortality, n (%) | 6 (5.8) | 0 (0) | 3 (13.6) | 3 (100) | 0.0092 |
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 18 (11.5, 29.5) | 17 (11, 24) | 39 (26, 47) | 3 (2, 5) | <0.0001 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 8 (4, 15) | 6 (3, 11) | 24 (21, 32) | 2 (2, 5) | <0.0001 |
| ICU-free daysa (out of 28-day) | 19.5 (10, 24) | 22 (17, 25) | 1.5 (0, 5) | 0 (0, 0) | <0.0001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 90 (86.5) | 65 (82.3) | 22 (100) | 3 (100) | 0.0359 |
| Ventilator-free daysb (out of 28-day) | 24 (17, 27) | 26 (23, 27) | 9.5 (0, 13) | 0 (0, 0) | <0.0001 |
| Multiple organ failure, n (%) | 16 (15.4) | 5 (6.3) | 10 (45.5) | 1 (33.3) | <0.0001 |
| Maximum Denver MOF score | 1 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 1) | 2 (2, 5) | 0 (0, 5) | <0.0001 |
| Time to recoveryc (days) | 8.5 (4.5, 29) | 7 (3, 12) | 26 (19, 29) | 30 (30, 30) | <0.0001 |
| Cardio recovery | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 11 (2, 26) | 2 (1, 29) | <0.0001 |
| Hemo recovery | 4 (1, 6) | 4 (1, 6) | 5.5 (2, 13) | 2 (1, 5) | 0.041 |
| Hepatic recovery | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 8) | 2 (1, 4) | 0.0028 |
| Renal recovery | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 5.5 (1, 25) | 2 (1, 29) | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory recovery | 3 (1, 11) | 2 (1, 5) | 19 (15, 25) | 29 (2, 29) | <0.0001 |
| Noninfectious complicationsd, n (%) | 37 (35.6) | 19 (24.1) | 16 (72.7) | 2 (66.7) | <0.0001 |
| Infectious complications, n (%) | 44 (42.3) | 25 (31.6) | 19 (86.4) | 0 (0) | <0.0001 |
| Infection source, n (%) | |||||
| Pneumonia | 22 (21.2) | 11 (13.9) | 11 (50) | 0 (0) | 0.0008 |
| Pseudomembranous colitis | 10 (9.6) | 6 (7.6) | 4 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 0.2183 |
| UTI | 8 (7.7) | 4 (5.1) | 4 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 0.0659 |
| Surgical site infection | 13 (12.5) | 6 (7.6) | 7 (31.8) | 0 (0) | 0.0010 |
| Blood stream infection | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 0.0457 |
| Empyema | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 0.2178 |
| Other | 5 (4.8) | 1 (1.3) | 4 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 0.0076 |
| Time to first nosocomial infection (days) | 5.5 (3, 8.5) | 4 (2, 11) | 6.5 (4.5, 8) | NA | 0.5371 |
| Number of nosocomial infections per patient, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| 0 | 68 (65.4) | 59 (74.7) | 6 (27.3) | 3 (100) | |
| 1 | 26 (25) | 18 (22.8) | 8 (36.4) | 0 (0) | |
| ≥2 | 10 (9.6) | 2 (2.5) | 8 (36.4) | 0 (0) | |
| Discharge disposition, n (%) | 0.0030 | ||||
| “Good” disposition | |||||
| Home | 27 (26) | 25 (31.6) | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Home with home health care services | 15 (14.4) | 12 (15.2) | 3 (13.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Inpatient rehabilitation facility | 21 (20.2) | 16 (20.3) | 5 (22.7) | 0 (0) | |
| “Poor” disposition | |||||
| Skilled nursing facility | 30 (28.8) | 24 (30.4) | 6 (27.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Long term acute care facility | 4 (3.8) | 2 (2.5) | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0) | |
| In-hospital death | 7 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (18.2) | 3 (100) | |
Abbreviations: RAP = rapid recovery; CCI = chronic critical illness; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment; GG = glue grant; ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; DVT = deep venous thrombosis; PE = pulmonary embolism; UTI = urinary tract infection; SD = standard deviation.
Data are represented as median (25th, 75th) if not indicated.
aThe number of ICU-free days was calculated as 28 minus the number of days or part-days in the ICU. Patients who died within 28 days were assigned zero ICU-free days.
bThe number of ventilator-free days was calculated as 28 minus the number of days or part-days on mechanical ventilation. Patients who died within 28 days were assigned zero ventilator-free days.
cTime to recovery is defined in Supplemental Table S1.
dNon-infectious complications included pathologies such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, among others.