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. 2019 Sep 20;9:13659. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49876-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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FBS induces DA neuron differentiation and maturation. (A) Rat embryonic E14 cortical NPCs treated with FBS for 7 days were differentiated into DA neurons using a Nurr1-expressing retrovirus. The differentiated DA neurons were immunostained with anti-NURR1 and anti-TH antibodies, and the number of TH+/DAPI+, NURR1+/DAPI+, and TH+/NURR1+ cells were quantified. (B) Rat cortical NPCs treated with FBS were differentiated into DA neurons using a Nurr1-expressing retrovirus. As differentiation progressed, FBS-treated cultures showed a dramatic increase in the number of NURR1+ and TH+ cells. The comparisons were performed 8 weeks into the differentiation process. (C) RT-PCR analysis for TH and Nurr1 mRNA by differentiation day (days 1–14). The expression of DA neuron–related genes differed between control- and FBS-treated cultures as differentiation progressed. GAPDH expression was used as a loading control. **p < 0.01. Scale bar, 20 μm. The error bars are the S.E. from three independent experiments.