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. 2019 Sep 20;9:13659. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49876-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Derivatives #3 and #9 effectively induced DA neurons. (A) Nurr1-Mash1-overexpressing rat cortical NPCs were treated with thyroid hormone derivatives and differentiated for 7 days. DA neurons were immunostained with NURR1 and TH antibodies. Cells treated with T3 and T4 were used as positive controls. (B) A luciferase assay was performed to measure the affinity of the derivatives for TRα. Derivatives #3, #6, #7, #8, and #9 showed a low affinity for TRα. (C) The amount of DA released from presynaptic DA neurons was detected to determine the functional dopaminergic activity of the rat Nurr1-Mash1-overexpressing NPCs on differentiation day 7. DA release was induced by stimulation with 56 mM KCl. **p < 0.01. Scale bar, 20 μm. The error bars are the S.E. from three independent experiments.