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. 2019 Sep 20;9:13659. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49876-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Thyroid hormones and their derivatives can protect DA neurons from neurotoxic damage. (A) Timeline of the experimental protocol for the dopaminergic neuron protection test. (B) Nurr1-Mash1-overexpressing rat NPCs were treated with thyroid hormones or their derivatives for 24 h on differentiation day 5. The following day, a neurotoxic insult (6-OHDA for 18 h or H₂O₂ for 3 h) was delivered to the DA neurons. On differentiation day 7, DA neurons were immunostained with an anti-TH antibody. TH+ neurons were detected following treatment with both the thyroid hormones and their derivatives. **p < 0.01. Scale bar, 20 μm. The error bars are the S.E. from two independent experiments.