. 2019 Sep 20;9:13649. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50051-0

Table 2.

Top downstream functional effects of heat and/or LPS predicted for broiler thymus.

Treatment	Activated (z-score ≥ 2.0)^a	Inhibited (z-score ≤ −2.0)^a
Heat + Saline	—	—
Thermoneutral + LPS	• apoptosis • production of ROS • necrosis • synthesis of ROS • inhibition of cells • cellular infiltration by phagocytes • migration of smooth muscle cells • infiltration by neutrophils • cellular infiltration by myeloid cells	• vasculogenesis
Heat + LPS	• organismal death • morbidity or mortality • neonatal death • cyanosis	• quantity of cells • size of body • organization of cytoskeleton • angiogenesis • development of vasculature

Treatment

Activated (z-score ≥ 2.0)^a

Inhibited (z-score ≤ −2.0)^a

Heat + Saline

—

Thermoneutral + LPS

• apoptosis

• production of ROS

• necrosis

• synthesis of ROS

• inhibition of cells

• cellular infiltration by phagocytes

• migration of smooth muscle cells

• infiltration by neutrophils

• cellular infiltration by myeloid cells

• vasculogenesis

Heat + LPS

• organismal death

• morbidity or mortality

• neonatal death

• cyanosis

• quantity of cells

• size of body

• organization of cytoskeleton

• angiogenesis

• development of vasculature

^aFunctional associations (p-value < 0.05, |z-score| ≥ 2.0) were predicted using IPA (QIAGEN, Inc., https://www.qiagenbioinformatics.com/products/ingenuity-pathway-analysis). Top 10 functions (by greatest |z-score|) are shown for each comparison to the Thermoneutral + Saline treatment.

Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reactive oxygen species (ROS).