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. 2019 Sep 20;10(10):695. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1950-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Volcano-plot obtained from microarray analysis of MDA-MB231 cells treated with CP-31398. The number of overexpressed and downregulated genes (F.C. > 2; p < 0.05) is indicated. b Genes belonging to the p53 pathway/network (hallmark_P53_pathway; GSEA) are enriched in overexpressed genes following CP-31398 treatment (24 and 48 h). c Targeted analysis of microarray results using a pre-established list of genes involved in autophagosomes formation. Most of these genes are upregulated following 24–48 h CP-31398 treatment. Genes indicated in red encode proteins belonging to the ULK complex. d RT-qPCR validation of ULK1, ULK2, ATG101, ATG13, FIP200, ATG5, ATG12, GABARAPL2, and ZFYVE1 expression following CP-31398 treatment (24 and 48 h) compared to untreated cells (F.C. fold-change). e CP-31398 treatment (24–48 h) increases the expression of several proteins belonging to the ULK complex (ULK1, ATG101, ATG13, FIP200). ATG5 was used as a control. The normalized ratio protein of interest/Actin was calculated by densitometry analysis and display. Data are representative of three independent experiments. f PFT-α (an inhibitor of p53 transcriptional activity) inhibits CP-31398-dependent induction of ULK1 expression, while ULK2 expression is not affected. Data (d, f) are the mean ± s.d. of five independent RT-qPCR experiments performed in duplicate. The p values (d, f) were determined by unpaired two-tailed Student's t test. (NS non-significant)