Examples of a tumor-suppressor gene, an oncogene, and a putative driver with hotspot communities. (A) Hotspot communities (shown in red) in PIK3R1, as identified by our workflow. Previous studies have also identified the PIK3R1 gene as a tumor-suppressor gene. (B) Hotspot communities in BRAF, as identified by our workflow. Previous studies have identified BRAF1 gene as an oncogene. (C) Hotspot communities in PTPRD, as identified by our workflow. PTPRD is an example of a novel putative driver gene.