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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 11.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Transl Med. 2019 Sep 11;11(509):eaav3233. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav3233

Fig. 4. Validation of p38 MAPK signaling in mediating myofibroblast activation on soft hydrogels in the presence of various factors.

Fig. 4.

(A) Representative images of porcine VICs treated with pre-TAVR serum in the absence or presence of 20 µM SB203580. Stains: green, α-SMA; magenta, cytoplasm; blue, nuclei. Scale bars, 100 µm. (B) VIC activation in pre-TAVR serum (n = 4 patients) in the absence or presence of SB203580 (n = 9 measurements per group, means ± SD shown, unpaired t test for each patient, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). (C) Representative images of VICs treated with BMP-6, CXCL9, and IFN-γ in the absence or presence of 20 µM SB203580. Stains: green, α-SMA; magenta, cytoplasm; blue, nuclei. Scale bars, 100 µm. (D) VIC activation in BMP-6, CXCL9, and IFN-γ in the absence or presence of SB203580 (n = 9 measurements per group, means ± SD shown, two-way ANOVA with Tukey posttests, *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.001).