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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2019 Aug 29;132:105113. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105113

Table 1.

Fruit and vegetable items in the food frequency questionnaire and pesticide data program and corresponding PRBS at mid follow-up (2004-2007).

Definition of measure contamination PRBS Residue
status
Items in FFQ Items in PDP
peas or lima beans, FFC sweet pea, frozen 0 Low
grapefruit grapefruit 0 Low
dried plums or prunes dried plum 0 Low
orange juice orange juice 0 Low
apple juice or cider apple juice 1 Low
cauliflower cauliflower 1 Low
tofu soybeans 1 Low
yam or sweet potatoes sweet potatoes 1 Low
tomatoes tomatoes 1 Low
cantaloupe cantaloupe 2 Low
carrot, raw or cooked carrot 2 Low
winter squash winter squash 2 Low
broccoli broccoli 3 Low
oranges oranges 3 Low
blueberry blueberry 3 Low
eggplant, summer squash, zucchini eggplant, summer squash (0.5: 0.5)a 3 Low
celery celery 4 High
kale, mustard, chard kale 4 High
fresh apple or pear apple, pear (0.74:0.26) *a 4 High
grape or raisin grape, raisin (0.62: 0.38)* 4 High
green/yellow/red peppers sweet peppers 4 High
apple sauce apple sauce 4 High
string bean green bean 5 High
head lettuce, leaf lettuce lettuce 6 High
peach or plum peach, plum (0.70: 0.30)a 6 High
spinach, raw spinach, fresh 6 High
strawberries, FFC strawberries, fresh or frozen 6 High

Abbreviations: FFC, fresh, frozen, or canned; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; PDP, pesticide data program; PRBS, pesticide residue burden score.

*

Ratio weighted for pesticide residue for each produce according to the ratio of consumption of each produce from the USDA report

Foods with undetermined pesticide contamination status in this period: corn, cooked spinach, cabbage, tomato pastes, brussel sprouts, mixed vegetables, and other juice.

The ranges of PRBS are 0 to 3 for low-pesticide-residue fruits and vegetables, and 4-6 for high-pesticide residue fruits and vegetables.