Table 4.

Quantification of positive signals for FIB, human- and gull-associated and pathogen markers detected in single feces and cloacae samples from five individual gulls tracked with radio telemetry traveling between waste sites and beaches.

Mean positive signal concentration (DNA copies/unit)
	EC23S857	Entero1	GenBac3	HF183	Gull4	Camp2	Faecalis1	Faecium1
Gull feces (1 g)
aGHCB to CL & GHCB to MWMb	1.8 × 103	6.5 × 104	6.5 × 102	< LOQ	8.9 × 107	3.8 × 106	< LOQ	< LOQ
Gull cloacae (1 ml)
GHCB to CL & GHCB to MWMb	2.0 × 103	1.1 × 104	1.8 × 102	6.3 × 101	7.0 × 103	< LOQ	< LOQ	< LOQ
GHCB to CL	8.3 × 102	4.5 × 103	< LOQ	< LOQ	2.3 × 105	1.2 × 106	< LOQ	< LOQ
GHCB to MWM & GHCB to ML	9.7 × 102	4.2 × 104	< LOQ	< LOQ	3.4 × 106	3.7 × 104	< LOQ	< LOQ
GHCB to CL	1.3 × 103	2.9 × 104	< LOQ	5.8 × 101	9.0 × 105	< LOQ	6.7 × 104	< LOQ
GHCB to CL	1.3 × 103	7.4 × 105	< LOQ	< LOQ	4.0 × 104	8.8 × 104	3.2 × 106	< LOQ

< LOQ, below limit of quantification. LOQs and range of amplification efficiency for each qPCR are noted in Table S1.

^aFlight path, gulls were tracked flying from site A to B using radio telemetry technology where GHCB to CL is Grand Haven City Beach to Coopersville Landfill; GHCB to MWM is Grand Haven City Beach to Muskegon Wastewater Management lagoon; GHCB to ML is Grand Haven City Beach to Muskegon Landfill.

^bFeces and cloacae samples were collected from the same gull.