Fig. 1.

Effect of high glucose on Nrf2, HO-1 and NF-κB expression in HT22 cells. HT22 cells were cultured in normal glucose medium (25 mM d-glucose, A), hypertonic medium (25 mM glucose + 25 mM mannitol, B) or high-glucose medium (50 mM d-glucose, C) for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 or 72 h. The mRNA and protein levels in the HT22 cells were assessed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. the normal glucose control group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 vs. the high-glucose control group. Nrf2-1 NF-E2-related factor 2, HO-1 haem oxygenase-1, NF-κB nuclear factor-κB