Table 3.
Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of 28 cytokines for diagnosis of sepsis.
| Biomarkers | AUC | Cut-off | Sensitivity | (95% CI) | Specificity | (95% CI) | PPV | (95% CI) | NPV | (95% CI) | Accuracy | (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IFN-α | 0.531 | 1.0 | 7.5 | (5.8-9.1) | 98.8 | (98.1-99.4) | 86.2 | (40.5-62.7) | 51.6 | (40.5-62.7) | 53.2 | (44.7-61.5) |
| IFN-γ | 0.556 | 1.0 | 11.3 | (9.3-13.2) | 100 | (99.9-100) | 100 | (99.9-100) | 0.10 | (3.4-16.8) | 19.3 | (12.6-26.1) |
| IL-1RA | 0.893 | 581.6 | 80.1 | (77.6-82.5) | 92.5 | (90.8-94.1) | 91.4 | (84.2-98.5) | 82.2 | (73.8-90.7) | 86.3 | (80.5-92.1) |
| IL-1β | 0.598 | 1.9 | 27.5 | (24.7-30.2) | 96.3 | (95.1-97.4) | 88.1 | (79.8-96.3) | 43.1 | (46.1-68.1) | 61.9 | (53.7-70.1) |
| IL-1α | 0.672 | 1.4 | 47.4 | (44.3-50.4) | 87.5 | (85.4-89.5) | 79.1 | (68.7-89.5) | 62.4 | (51.7-73.2) | 67.4 | (59.5-75.3) |
| IL-2 | 0.583 | 1.0 | 75.0 | (72.3-77.6) | 38.8 | (35.8-41.8) | 55.1 | (42.3-67.7) | 60.8 | (49.9-71.6) | 56.9 | (48.5-62.5) |
| IL-4 | 0.556 | 1.0 | 11.3 | (9.3-13.2) | 100 | (99.9-100) | 100 | (99.9-100) | 52.9 | (41.9-64.1) | 55.6 | (47.2-64.1) |
| IL-5 | 0.575 | 1.0 | 15.1 | (12.8-17.3) | 100 | (99.9-100) | 100 | (99.9-100) | 54.1 | (43.0-65.1) | 57.6 | (59.2-65.9) |
| IL-6 | 0.830 | 40.8 | 67.5 | (64.5-70.4) | 95.5 | (94.2-96.8) | 93.7 | (87.6-99.9) | 74.6 | (64.9-84.2) | 81.5 | (74.9-88.1) |
| IL-7 | 0.707 | 3.2 | 57.5 | (54.4-60.5) | 85.1 | (82.8-87.3) | 79.4 | (69.1-89.7) | 66.7 | (56.2-77.1) | 71.3 | (63.7-78.9) |
| IL-8 | 0.781 | 11.2 | 71.3 | (68.4-74.1) | 81.3 | (78.8-83.7) | 79.2 | (68.8-89.6) | 73.9 | (64.1-83.4) | 76.3 | (69.1-83.4) |
| IL-9 | 0.519 | 1.0 | 3.8 | (2.6-4.9) | 100 | (99.9-100) | 100 | (99.9-100) | 50.9 | (39.8-62.1) | 51.9 | (43.4-60.3) |
| IL-10 | 0.820 | 1.0 | 65.1 | (62.1-68.1) | 97.5 | (96.5-98.5) | 96.3 | (91.4-100) | 73.6 | (63.8-83.4) | 81.3 | (74.7-87.9) |
| IL-12 | 0.506 | 1.0 | 2.5 | (1.5-3.5) | 98.7 | (97.9-99.4) | 65.7 | (53.6-77.8) | 50.3 | (39.2-61.4) | 50.6 | (42.2-59.1) |
| IL-13 | 0.606 | 10.5 | 21.3 | (18.7-23.8) | 100 | (99.9-100) | 100 | (99.9-100) | 55.9 | (44.9-66.9) | 60.6 | (52.4-68.8) |
| IL-15 | 0.513 | 24.7 | 25.0 | (22.1-27.3) | 91.3 | (89.5-93.0) | 73.9 | (62.7-85.1) | 54.8 | (43.7-65.8) | 58.0 | (49.6-66.3) |
| IL-17A | 0.641 | 2.15 | 42.5 | (39.4-45.6) | 88.8 | (86.8-90.7) | 79.1 | (68.7-89.5) | 60.7 | (49.8-71.5) | 65.7 | (57.6-73.6) |
| IL-18 | 0.746 | 1.0 | 53.8 | (50.7-56.8) | 92.5 | (90.8-94.1) | 87.7 | (79.4-96.1) | 66.7 | (56.2-77.1) | 73.1 | (65.6-80.6) |
| IL-21 | 0.685 | 1.0 | 23.8 | (21.1-26.4) | 92.5 | (90.8-94.1) | 76.0 | (65.1-86.9) | 54.8 | (43.7-65.8) | 58.1 | (49.8-66.4) |
| IL-22 | 0.615 | 1.0 | 28.7 | (25.8-31.5) | 93.8 | (92.3-95.2) | 82.2 | (72.4-91.9) | 56.8 | (45.8-67.8) | 61.2 | (53.0-69.4) |
| IL-23 | 0.601 | 1.0 | 22.5 | (19.9-25.1) | 97.5 | (96.5-98.4) | 90.0 | (82.3-97.6) | 55.7 | (44.6-66.7) | 60.0 | (51.7-68.2) |
| IL-27 | 0.613 | 1.0 | 23.8 | (21.1-26.4) | 98.7 | (97.9-99.4) | 94.8 | (89.1-100) | 56.4 | (45.4-67.4) | 61.2 | (53.0-69.4) |
| IL-31 | 0.575 | 1.0 | 16.5 | (14.1-18.8) | 98.8 | (98.1-99.4) | 93.2 | (86.8-99.6) | 54.2 | (43.1-65.2) | 57.6 | (49.3-65.9) |
| LIF | 0.760 | 6.1 | 78.8 | (76.2-81.3) | 62.5 | (59.4-65.5) | 67.7 | (55.8-79.6) | 74.7 | (65.0-84.2) | 70.6 | (62.9-78.3) |
| GM-CSF (CSF2) | 0.519 | 1.0 | 3.8 | (2.6-4.9) | 100 | (99.0-100) | 100 | (99.0-100) | 50.9 | (39.8-62.0) | 51.9 | (43.5-60.3) |
| SCF (KITLG) | 0.721 | 14.8 | 60.1 | (57.1-63.1) | 77.5 | (74.9-80.1) | 72.7 | (61.4-84.1) | 66.0 | (55.5-76.5) | 68.8 | (60.9-76.6) |
| TNF-α (LTA) | 0.531 | 1.0 | 15.1 | (12.8-17.3) | 91.3 | (89.5-93.0) | 63.4 | (51.2-75.7) | 51.8 | (40.7-62.9) | 53.2 | (44.7-61.6) |
| TNF-β (LTB) | 0.513 | 1.0 | 2.5 | (1.5-3.4) | 100 | (99.0-100) | 100 | (99.0-100) | 50.6 | (39.5-61.7) | 51.3 | (42.8-59.6) |
AUC: area under receiver operating characteristic curve; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value: CI; confidence intervals; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; SCF: stem cell factor.