Table 1.
Risk factors affecting healing time in chronic diabetic foot ulcers.
| Risk factors and average ulcer duration | 1999/2000 | n 5 = 160 (324) | p value1 | p value2 | 2011/2012 | n 5 = 148 (327) | p value3 | p value4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (range), months | + | - | + | - | ||||
| Peripheral arterial insufficiency | 6.0 (60) n6 = 80 |
5.3 (53.8) n = 40 |
0.2 | 0.5 | 6.0 (60) n = 80 |
7.8 (30.5) n = 16 |
0.4 | 0.1 |
|
| ||||||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 8 (35) n = 25 |
5.9 (61.3) n = 113 |
0.4 | 0.6 | 6.9 (55) n = 38 |
6.6 (67.8) n = 106 |
0.7 | 0.2 |
|
| ||||||||
| Neuropathy | 5.9 (61.3) n = 134 |
6.4 (24.5) n = 6 |
0.9 | 0.3 | 6.5 (67.8) n = 115 |
5.3 (10.5) n = 10 |
0.3 | 0.8 |
|
| ||||||||
| Chronic nephropathy | 10.4 (50.5) n = 20 |
7.5 (61.3) n = 53 |
0.4 | 0.3 | 4.3 (40.3) n = 21 |
7.0 (67) n = 95 |
0.6 | 1.0 |
|
| ||||||||
| Retinopathy | 9.0 (51.8) n = 30 |
5.5 (24.3) n = 21 |
0.2 | 0.9 | 7.3 (54.8) n = 35 |
5.6 (25.0) n = 30 |
0.2 | 0.8 |
|
| ||||||||
| Metformin | 6.5 (57) n = 22 |
7.3 (61.3) n = 108 |
0.3 | 0.7 | 6.0 (67.8) n = 81 |
6.8 (43.8) n = 65 |
0.6 | 0.9 |
|
| ||||||||
| Basal insulin | 6.8 (61.3) n = 60 |
7.0 (57.0) n = 78 |
0.9 | 0.4 | 7.1 (66.5) n = 60 |
6.3 (56) n = 87 |
0.5 | 0.8 |
|
| ||||||||
| Bolus insulin | 7.1 (54) n = 40 |
7.0 (61.0) n = 92 |
0.9 | 0.8 | 6.6 (40.3) n = 38 |
6.5 (67.8) n = 107 |
0.9 | 0.9 |
|
| ||||||||
| Infection | 9.0 (61.0) n = 77 |
3.5 (17.5) n = 29 |
<0.001∗ | 0.4 | 7.4 (67.8) n = 86 |
5.1 (4.3) n = 4 |
0.4 | 0.3 |
|
| ||||||||
| Distal pulse, right ADP | 6.0 (61.0) n = 65 |
7.8 (60) n = 52 |
0.07 | 0.03 | 7.0 (67.0) n = 75 |
7.4 (56) n = 56 |
0.8 | 0.9 |
|
| ||||||||
| Former ulcer(s) | 6.0 (61.3) n = 87 |
7.0 (57.0) n = 55 |
0.9 | 0.08 | 8.1 (55.8) n = 56 |
6.3 (67.8) n = 65 |
0.1 | 0.9 |
|
| ||||||||
| Smoking | 7.3 (60.8) n = 45 |
5.4 (60) n = 92 |
0.03 | 0.4 | 6.8 (42.8) n = 34 |
6.5 (56) n = 107 |
0.8 | 0.07 |
|
| ||||||||
| Type 2 DM∗∗ | 5.8 (61.3) n = 119 |
7.9 (53.8) n = 20 |
0.3 | 0.08 | 6.7 (67.8) n = 134 |
5.5 (22.5) n = 11 |
0.8 | 0.9 |
|
| ||||||||
| Male gender | 6.8 (61.3) n = 124 |
5.1 (26.8) n = 36 |
0.3 | 0.3 | 7.0 (67.5) n = 115 |
5.3 (56.0) n = 33 |
0.4 | 0.5 |
|
| ||||||||
| Antibiotics | 6.6 (61.3) n = 134 |
5.6 (16.5) n = 16 |
0.5 | 0.4 | 7.3 (67.8) n = 99 |
4.8 (40.3) n = 33 |
0.3 | 0.9 |
|
| ||||||||
| Toe location of ulcer | 4.9 (42.8) n = 64 |
9 (61) n = 68 |
0.001∗ | 0.007∗ | 7.0 (67.0) n = 59 |
8.5 (55.3) n = 73 |
0.5 | 0.7 |
|
| ||||||||
| Heel location | 8.0 (59.5) n = 20 |
6.8 (61.3) n = 112 |
0.2 | 0.5 | 8.3 (55.3) n = 28 |
7.9 (67.0) n = 104 |
1.0 | 0.06 |
|
| ||||||||
| Plantar location | 8.7 (61) n = 42 |
5.4 (60) n = 90 |
0.03 | 0.6 | 10 (46.0) n = 33 |
7.3 (67.0) n = 99 |
0.07 | 0.07 |
|
| ||||||||
| Dorsal location | 9.7 (33.3) n = 6 |
6.8 (61.3) n = 126 |
0.4 | 0.3 | 5.8 (16.0) n = 12 |
8.0 (67.0) n = 120 |
0.1 | 0.05 |
The table shows the median and the range. The calculation is based on the first ulcer each patient had at the time of first contact with CWHC (n = 651). ∗p < 0.01. ∗∗Compared to type 1 DM. 1p value comparing “+” and “-” in 1999/2000. 2Comparing “+” in years 1999/2000 and 2011/2012. 3Comparing “+” and “-” in 2011/2012. 4Comparing “-” in years 1999/2000 and 2011/2012. 5Total number of ulcers with known duration. Parenthesis: the total number of patients with DFUs in 1999/2000 or 2011/2012. 6n is the number of ulcers with known duration.