Table 1.
| Authors | Year | Country | Type | HP+ | HP− | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD (%) | n | Mean ± SD (%) | n | ||||
| Chobot et al. [8] | 2014 | Poland | T1DM | 7.8 ± 1.42 | 17 | 7.60 ± 1.66 | 132 |
| Fernandini-Paredes et al. [9] | 2008 | Peru | T2DM | 7.6 ± 0.23 | 49 | 7.25 ± 0.49 | 26 |
| Hamed et al. [10] | 2008 | Egypt | T1DM/T2DM | 8.1 ± 0.8 | 68 | 8.3 ± 0.1 | 6 |
| Candelli et al. [11] | 2004 | Rome | T1DM | 8.2 ± 1.06 | 29 | 8.4 ± 1.7 | 29 |
| Yingjian [12] | 2018 | China | T2DM | 8.7 ± 1.45 | 45 | 6.77 ± 1.52 | 49 |
| Qing et al. [13] | 2018 | China | T2DM | 8.2 ± 0.77 | 51 | 7.10 ± 0.55 | 59 |
| Ziyue et al. [14] | 2017 | China | T2DM | 8.6 ± 1.84 | 85 | 7.70 ± 0.75 | 51 |
| Chunying et al. [15] | 2016 | China | T2DM | 8.4 ± 1.68 | 62 | 8.53 ± 1.96 | 69 |
| Licheng et al. [16] | 2016 | China | T2DM | 7.7 ± 1.34 | 106 | 6.24 ± 0.58 | 64 |
| Li [17] | 2016 | China | T2DM | 8.4 ± 2.06 | 112 | 8.01 ± 2.01 | 68 |
| Zhili et al. [18] | 2014 | China | T2DM | 9.0 ± 0.89 | 48 | 8.02 ± 0.23 | 25 |
| Yi et al. [19] | 2011 | China | T2DM | 9.21 ± 2.4 | 43 | 9.34 ± 2.1 | 22 |
| Candelli et al. [20] | 2003 | Rome | T1DM | 8.3 ± 1.1 | 34 | 8.2 ± 1.5 | 87 |
| Fayed et al. [21] | 2014 | Egypt | T1DM | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 40 | 7.9 ± 1.3 | 13 |
| Vafaeimanesh et al. [22] | 2016 | Iran | T1DM/T2DM | 8.1 ± 1.67 | 139 | 8.08 ± 1.32 | 72 |
| Nasif et al. [23] | 2016 | Saudi Arabia | T2DM | 6.9 ± 0.69 | 33 | 7.30 ± 0.55 | 17 |
| Anandani et al. [24] | 2014 | Indonesia | T2DM | 9.52 + 1.12 | 5 | 9.08 + 1.22 | 25 |
| Toporowska-Kowalska et al. [25] | 2007 | Poland | T1DM | 7.87 ± 1.51 | 48 | 7.17 ± 1.46 | 150 |
| Bazmamoun et al. [6] | 2016 | Iran | T1DM | 8 ± 0.65 | 48 | 7.90 ± 0.40 | 32 |
| Huang et al. [26] | 2015 | China | T2DM | 8.34 ± 2.02 | 195 | 8.47 ± 2.04 | 220 |
| Demir et al. [27] | 2008 | Turkey | T2DM | 7.9 ± 1.8 | 87 | 8.7 ± 7.1 | 54 |
| Arslan et al. [28] | 2000 | Turkey | T1DM | 11.08 ± 3.17 | 49 | 10.32 ± 2.63 | 39 |
| Colombo et al. [29] | 2002 | Italy | T1DM | 8.16 ± 1.7 | 41 | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 97 |
| Gulcelik et al. [30] | 2005 | Turkey | T2DM | 8.2 ± 1.4 | 59 | 7.9 ± 2.2 | 19 |
| Zekry et al. [31] | 2013 | Egypt | T1DM | 7.75 ± 1.67 | 24 | 5.72 ± 1.2 | 36 |
| Ko et al. [32] | 2001 | China | T2DM | 8.09 ± 2.11 | 32 | 8.42 ± 2.37 | 31 |
| Jones et al. [33] | 2002 | Australia | DM | 8.8 ± 0.4 | 15 | 8.6 ± 0.2 | 48 |
| Candelli et al. [34] | 2012 | Italy | T1DM | 8.8 ± 0.8 | 17 | 8.4 ± 0.7 | 52 |
| Zhou et al. [35] | 2012 | China | T2DM | 8.45 ± 2.46 | 84 | 8.18 ± 2.13 | 96 |
| El-Eshmawy et al. [36] | 2011 | Egypt | T1DM | 8.3 ± 1.58 | 128 | 6.8 ± 2.3 | 34 |
| Senmaru et al. [37] | 2013 | Japan | T2DM | 7.3 ± 1.0 | 146 | 7.4 ± 1.2 | 187 |
| Tanrivedi [38] | 2011 | Turkey | T2DM | 6.9 ± 1.2 | 53 | 6.1 ± 1.4 | 40 |
| Peng et al. [39] | 2013 | China | T2DM | 9.53 ± 1.96 | 43 | 7.08 ± 1.53 | 42 |
| Akın. et al. [6] | 2014 | Turkey | T2DM | 8.0 ± 2.1 | 159 | 6.9 ± 1.2 | 156 |
| El Hadidy et al. [40] | 2009 | Saudi Arabia | T2DM | 9.2 ± 2.1 | 23 | 8.92 ± 2.1 | 37 |