Table 4. Published levels of vitamin K in serum.
| References | Region | Phylloquinone (ng/mL) | Menaquinone-4 (ng/mL) | Menaquinone-7 (ng/mL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsugawa et al. (2006) | Japan | Premenopausal women 30–49 years (n = 52) Postmenopausal women 50–69 years (n = 208) Postmenopausal women ≥70 years (n = 136) |
1.52 ± 1.02 1.74 ± 1.29 1.29 ± 1.09 |
0.07 ± 0.14 0.10 ± 0.19 0.09 ± 0.15 |
4.96 ± 6.93 8.42 ± 11.44 4.21 ± 6.81 |
| Riphagen et al. (2016) | Netherlands | Patients after kidney transplant (n = 60) | 0.61 ± 0.21 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | <LoD (2.86) |
| Klapkova et al. (2018) | Czech Republic | Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (n = 192) Postmenopausal women without osteoporosis (n = 158) |
0.43 ± 0.39 0.49 ± 0.40 |
0.89 ± 0.29 0.83 ± 0.27 |
1.00 ± 1.02 1.19 ± 1.08 |
| Suttie (1992) | UK | Young population (n = 11) Older population (n = 17) |
0.51 ± 0.37 0.60 ± 0.28 |
not measured | 0.29 ± 0.18 0.33 ± 0.17 |
| Yan et al. (2004) | China | Older men (n = 86) Older women (n = 92) |
0.85 ± 0.99 1.12 ± 1.45 |
not measured | not measured |
| Booth et al. (2004) | USA | Older men (n = 741) | 0.69 ± 0.90 | not measured | not measured |
| Kamao et al. (2005) | Japan | Healthy population (n = 20) Patients with osteoporosis (n = 10) |
1.81 ± 1.11 0.62 ± 0.25 |
0.15 ± 0.17 46.83 ± 46.41 |
16.27 ± 20.58 4.18 ± 6.28 |
| Suhara et al. (2005) | Japan | Healthy population (n = 20) | 1.22 ± 0.57 | 0.39 ± 0.46 | 6.37 ± 7.45 |