TABLE 4.

Presence of moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms compared with other student samples^a

Sample	Study	Sample size (N)	Prevalence rate
Biomedical doctoral studentsa	Present study	69	10.1%
Comparator: economics PhD students	Barreira et al., 2018	513	18%
Comparator: medical students	Rotenstein et al., 2016	8,551	18.3%
Comparator: resident physicians	Mata et al., 2015	3,577	20.9%
Comparator: multidisciplinary master’s and PhD students	Evans et al., 2018	2,279	39%

^aFor studies reported, moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms corresponded to scores ≥10 on the PHQ-9 (Kroenke et al., 2001).