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. 2019 Sep 23;2019(9):CD013435. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013435

Comparison 3. Beta‐blocker vs control for cardiac surgery: subgroup by start of beta‐blocker therapy.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 All‐cause mortality (30 days) 29 4099 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.47, 1.90]
1.1 Before surgery 7 778 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.08 [0.31, 3.79]
1.2 During surgery 4 371 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.49 [0.13, 1.90]
1.3 After surgery 18 2950 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.30 [0.44, 3.77]
2 Acute myocardial infarction 24 3622 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.06 [0.72, 1.57]
2.1 Before surgery 2 246 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.57 [0.45, 5.45]
2.2 During surgery 4 270 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.22, 3.98]
2.3 After surgery 18 3106 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.02 [0.66, 1.58]
3 Ventricular arrhythmias 12 2296 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.40 [0.25, 0.63]
3.1 Before surgery 2 291 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.78 [0.13, 4.55]
3.2 During surgery 4 434 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.42 [0.15, 1.21]
3.3 After surgery 6 1571 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.36 [0.19, 0.69]
4 Atrial fibrillation and flutter 40 5650 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.50 [0.42, 0.59]
4.1 Before surgery 7 796 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.49 [0.35, 0.67]
4.2 During surgery 10 1067 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.56 [0.43, 0.74]
4.3 After surgery 23 3787 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.47 [0.37, 0.60]
5 Bradycardia 12 1640 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.63 [0.92, 2.91]
5.1 Before surgery 3 599 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 5.82 [1.78, 19.02]
5.2 During surgery 5 551 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.32 [0.64, 2.72]
5.3 After surgery 4 490 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.48, 2.12]
6 Hypotension 10 1538 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.84 [0.89, 3.80]
6.1 Before surgery 3 599 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.85 [0.25, 13.45]
6.2 During surgery 3 386 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.00 [0.37, 10.90]
6.3 After surgery 4 553 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.36 [0.45, 4.12]