Osada 2012.

Methods	RCT, parallel design
Participants	Total number of randomized participants: 141 Inclusion criteria: scheduled for open‐heart surgery Exclusion criteria: previous AF, undergoing emergency surgery Type of surgery: open‐heart surgery (CABG, valve surgery, thoracic aorta surgery) Baseline characteristics not reported. Study authors state "no significant differences between the two groups in baseline patient characteristics". Country: Japan Setting: single centre; hospital
Interventions	Intervention group (landiolol) Randomized, n = 73; losses = 0; analysed, n = 73 Details: landiolol hydrochloride 2‐3 µg/kg/min IV infusion, started soon after arrival in the ICU after surgery, continued for 48 h Control group (standard care) Randomized, n = 68; losses = 0; analysed, n = 68 Details: standard care, participants did not receive landiolol
Outcomes	Outcomes measured/reported by study authors: AF Outcomes relevant to the Review: AF
Notes	Funding/declarations of interest: not reported Study dates: May 2010‐January 2012 Note: full study report not available, data taken from abstract only
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not specified
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not specified
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open‐label trial
Blinding of outcome assessors (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open‐label trial
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No losses
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Not detected (in abstract)
Other bias	Unclear risk	Limited detail in abstract and therefore, it is not feasible to assess risks of other bias