Table 5.
IWGDF risk classification for the development of diabetic foot ulceration according to the clinical characteristics of individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil, 2018.
| Clinical characteristics | Category | DFU∗ | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Regular use of insulin | ||||||
| Yes | 13 (20.0) | 21 (32.3) | 17 (26.2) | 6 (9.2) | 8 (12.3) | 0.053§ |
| No | 11 (55.0) | 4 (20.0) | 3 (15.0) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (5.0) | |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 8 (19.5) | 11 (26.8) | 14 (34.1) | 4 (9.8) | 4 (9.8) | 0.172§ |
| No | 16 (36.4) | 14 (31.8) | 6 (13.6) | 3 (6.8) | 5 (11.4) | |
| Symptoms on the lower limbs | ||||||
| Yes | 22 (28.6) | 22 (28.6) | 17 (22.1) | 7 (9.1) | 9 (11.7) | 0.623§ |
| No | 2 (25.0) | 3 (37.5) | 3 (37.5) | — | — | |
| Time since the diagnosis of diabetes (years) | ||||||
| 0-10 | 13 (32.5) | 13 (32.5) | 8 (20.0) | 2 (5.0) | 4 (10.0) | 0.037 † |
| 11-20 | 9 (32.1) | 9 (32.1) | 6 (21.4) | 3 (10.7) | 1 (3.6) | |
| 21-40 | 2 (11.8) | 3 (17.6) | 6 (35.3) | 2 (11.8) | 4 (23.5) | |
| Appearance of the nails | ||||||
| Normal | 11 (55.0) | 2 (10.0) | 6 (30.0) | 1 (5.0) | — | 0.019 † |
| Altered | 13 (20.0) | 23 (35.4) | 14 (21.5) | 6 (9.2) | 9 (13.8) | |
| Humidity of the feet | ||||||
| Normal | 5 (55.6) | 3 (33.3) | 1 (11.1) | — | — | 0.029 † |
| Altered | 19 (25.0) | 22 (28.9) | 19 (25.0) | 7 (9.2) | 9 (11.8) | |
| Deformities | ||||||
| Normal | 24 (30.4) | 25 (31.6) | 20 (25.3) | 4 (5.1) | 6 (7.6) | <0.001 † |
| Altered | — | — | — | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) | |
∗DFU: diabetic foot ulceration. §Chi-squared test. †Chi-squared test for trend. p values in bold indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).