TABLE 1.

Instructor Talk framework: Categories and subcategories reprinted from Seidel et al. (2015)

Category	Subcategory
Building the Instructor/Student Relationship	Demonstrating Respect for Students
	Revealing Secrets to Success
	Boosting Self-Efficacy
Establishing Classroom Culture	Preframing Classroom Activities
	Practicing Scientific Habits of Mind
	Building a Biology Community among Students
	Giving Credit to Colleagues
	Indicating That It Is Okay to Be Wrong or Disagree
Explaining Pedagogical Choices	Supporting Learning through Teaching Choices
	Using Student Work to Drive Teaching Choices
	Connecting Biology to the Real World and Career
	Discussing How People Learn
	Fostering Learning for the Long Term
Sharing Personal Experiences	Recounting Personal Information/Anecdotes
	Relating to Student Experiences
Unmasking Science	Being Explicit about the Nature of Science
	Promoting Diversity in Science