TABLE 4.
Significant predictors of outcomes (p < 0.01) and their respective odds ratios and 95% odds ratio confidence intervals (CI) from hierarchical logistic regressionsa
| Outcome | Step | Predictor | Odds ratio | Odds ratio 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subsequent individual research experience | 0 | Constant | 0.002 | — |
| 1 | SAT score | 1.003 | 1.001–1.004 | |
| 1 | STEM major at matriculation | 8.424 | 2.995–23.692 | |
| 2 | Participation in UMARL | 1.534 | 1.141–2.034 | |
| STEM major at graduation | 0 | Constant | 0.004 | — |
| 1 | Asian or Pacific Islander | 2.947 | 1.402–6.196 | |
| 1 | SAT score | 1.002 | 1.001–1.004 | |
| 1 | STEM major at matriculation | 6.234 | 3.487–11.145 | |
| 1 | Number of semesters in introductory biology lab | 1.958 | 1.391–2.756 | |
| 2 | Participation in UMARL | 1.560 | 1.135–2.145 | |
| Graduation in 4 years or fewer | 0 | Constant | 0.025 | — |
| 1 | Female | 1.657 | 1.268–2.166 | |
| 1 | SAT score | 1.002 | 1.001–1.003 | |
| 1 | Research course credit | 1.487 | 1.282–1.723 | |
| 1 | Number of semesters in introductory biology lab | 1.731 | 1.308–2.291 | |
| 2 | Participation in UMARL | 1.564 | 1.200–2.040 | |
| Graduation with honors | 0 | Constant | 0.000 | — |
| 1 | SAT score | 1.008 | 1.006–1.009 | |
| 2 | Participation in UMARL | 1.707 | 1.262–2.311 |
aThe effect of each predictor on the outcomes was accounted for in step 1 of the hierarchical logistic regression, before determining the effect of participating in UMARL (step 2) on the likelihood of gaining individual research experiences, graduating with a STEM major, graduating in 4 years, and graduating with honors.