Table 1.

MicroRNAs in EndMT

miRNAs	Biological context	Targets	Experimental model
Inducing EndMT
miR-9	Development/Pathology— Lymphangiogenesis/Inflammation	NF-κB1	In vitro—Rat mesenteric lymphatic endothelial cells85
miR-17	Development—OFT formation	Vegfa	In vivo—Mouse embryos123 Ex vivo—OFT explant culture
miR-21	Pathology—Fibrosis	?	In vitro—HUVECs76,77 In vivo—Mouse model of cardiac pressure overload
miR-27b	Molecular characterization	Elk1, Nrp2, PlxnA2, PlxnD1	In vitro—Mouse pancreatic microvascular endothelial cells75
miR-31	Pathology—Inflammation	VAV3	In vitro—Mouse pancreatic microvascular endothelial cells79
miR-130a	Pathology—Pulmonary hypertension	BMPR2	In vitro—Lung microvascular endothelial cells81 In vivo—pulmonary arterial hypertension mouse model
miR-130b	Pathology—Colorectal cancer	PPARγ	In vitro—Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines80 In vivo—Mouse xenografts and human colorectal cancer samples
miR-143	Pathology—Ischaemic stroke	HECTD1	In vivo—Mouse brain136
miR-328	Pathology—Diabetes	?	In vitro—HUVECs84
miR-342-5p	Development—Angiogenesis	Endoglin	In vitro—HUVECs86 In vivo—Mouse retinal vasculature Ex vivo—Mouse aortic rings
miR-374b	Pathology—Neointimal hyperplasia	RAC1, MAP3K3, MAP3K7, MAPK7, MEF2D, KLF4	In vitro—HUVECs83 In vivo—Porcine abdominal trifurcations and human coronary arteries
miR-449a	Pathology—Atherosclerosis	AdipoR2	In vitro—HUVECs82 In vivo—Diabetic mice and human carotid atherosclerotic plaques
Inhibiting EndMT
miR-15a	Development—AVC formation	?	Ex vivo—Chicken AVC explants87
miR-18a-5p	Pathology—Diabetes	Notch2	In vitro—Human aortic valvular endothelial cells97 In vivo—Diabetic mice
miR-23b	Development—AVC formation	?	Ex vivo—Chicken AVC explants87
	Development—Cardiac valve formation	Has2, Icat, Tmem2	In vitro—Mouse embryonic endothelial cells88 In vivo—Zebrafish
miR-29a	Pathology—Bladder carcinoma	VEGFA	In vitro—Human bladder carcinoma cells131 In vivo—Mouse xenografts
miR-29 family	Pathology—Diabetes-related kidney fibrosis	DPP-4	In vitro—Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells106,108 In vivo—Fibrotic diabetic kidney disease mouse model
miR-30d	Pathology—Neuroinflammatory disorders	ATG5	In vitro—Human brain microvascular endothelial cells130 In vivo—Mouse brain
miR-145	Pathology—Neointimal hyperplasia	TGFBR2, SMAD3	In vitro—Endothelial progenitor cells125
miR-148b	Physiology—Skin wound healing	TGFB2, SMAD2	In vitro—HUVECs93 In vivo—Mouse model of skin wound healing
miR-186-5p	Pathology—Prostate cancer	Twist1	In vitro—Prostate cancer cells127
miR-192/194	Pathology—Kidney disease	ZEB2, CDH2	In vitro—Renal epithelial cells104 In vivo—Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease mouse model and human samples
miR-199a	Development—AVC formation	?	Ex vivo—Chicken AVC explants87
	Pathology—Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis	?	In vitro—HUVECs89
miR-218	Pathology—Colorectal cancer	CTGF	In vitro—HUVECs and human colon cancer cell line101 In vivo—Human colorectal cancer samples
miR-221	Pathology—Tumour angiogenesis	ZEB2	In vitro—HUVECs102
miR-302c	Pathology—Hepatocellular carcinoma	MTDH	In vitro—Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and HUVECs99 In vivo—Ectopic transplant mouse model
	Pathology—Corneal blindness	?	In vitro—Human corneal endothelial cells100
miR-424/503	Pathology—Pulmonary hypertension	?	In vitro—Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells96
miR-483	Pathology—Aortic valve calcification	?	In vitro—Human aortic valve endothelial cells90 In vivo—Porcine aortic valve leaflets
	Pathology—Kawasaki disease	CTGF	In vitro—Lung endothelial cells from endothelial KLF4 transgenic mice and HUVECs91 In vivo—Sera from Kawasaki disease patients
miR-494	Pathology—Preeclampsia	VEGF	In vitro—HUVECs103
miR-497	Pathology—Diabetic Nephropathy	ROCK1/2	In vitro—Human renal glomerular endothelial cells105In vivo—Diabetic rats
miR-532	Pathology—Myocardial Infarction	prss23	In vitro—Mouse cardiac endothelial cells98 In vivo—Mouse model of myocardial infarction
Let-7 family	Pathology—Neointima formation	?	In vitro—Primary mouse endothelial cells58 In vivo—Mouse arterial transplant model and human coronary arteries
	Pathology—Inflammation	?	In vitro—HUVECs and human retinal endothelial cells95
	Pathology—Diabetes-related kidney fibrosis	?	In vitro—Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and HUVECs108,109 In vivo—Fibrotic diabetic kidney disease mouse model
Differential effects on EndMT
miR-20a	Development—Outflow tract cushion development	Vegfa	In vivo—Mouse embryos123 Ex vivo—Outflow tract explant culture
	Pathology—Molecular characterization	TGFBR1/2, SARA	In vitro—HUVECs124
miR-126	Pathology—Tumour progression	?	In vitro—HUVECs118 In vivo—Tumour implantation mouse model
	Pathology—Neointimal hyperplasia	PIK3R2	In vitro—Rat bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells119
	Development/Pathology—Pulmonary vasculature remodelling	?	In vitro—Rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells In vivo—Mouse model of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn120
miR-155	Pathology—Molecular characterization	SKI	In vitro—Human coronary artery endothelial cells121
	Development—Molecular characterization	?	In vitro—Mouse embryonic endothelial cells122
miR-200a	Pathology—Cardiac fibrosis	GRB2	In vitro—Human aortic endothelial cells110
miR-200b	Pathology—Diabetic retinopathy	?	In vitro—Human retinal microvascular cells111 In vivo—Diabetic mice
	Pathology—Diabetic cardiomyopathy	?	In vitro—Mouse heart endothelial cells112 In vivo—Diabetic mice
	Pathology/Physiology—Angiogenesis	Ets1	In vitro—Human microvascular endothelial cells113
miR-200c	Pathology—Aneurysm formation	?	In vitro—EA.hy926 endothelial cells114 In vivo—Non-dilated aortas from patients with bicuspid aortic valves
miR-200 family	Development—Vasculogenesis	Flk1, Ets1	In vitro—Mouse embryonic stem cells116
	Development—Differentiation	?	In vitro—Human embryonic stem cells117

List of miRNAs regulating EndMT categorized into their inducing, inhibiting or differential role on EndMT. Question mark refers to unknown targets in this context.

AdipoR2, adiponectin receptor 2; ATG5, autophagy related 5; BMPR2, bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2; CDH2, cadherin-2; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; Elk1, ETS transcription factor; Ets1, protein c-ets-1; Flk1, foetal liver kinase 1; GRB2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; Has2, hyaluronic acid synthase 2; Icat, beta-catenin-interacting protein; KLF4, kruppel-like factor 4; MAP3K3/7, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3/7; MAPK7, mitogen-activated protein kinase 7; MEF2D, myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D; MTDH, metadherin; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; Nrp2, neurophilin 2; PIK3R2, PI3K regulatory subunit p85 beta; PlxnA2, plexin A2; PlxnD1, plexin D1; PPARγ, perixome proliferator-activated receptor γ; RAC1, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; ROCK, rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase; SARA, Smad anchor for receptor activation; SKI, SKI proto-oncogene; SMAD, SMAD family member; TGFB, transforming growth factor beta; TGFBR, transforming growth factor beta receptor; Tmem2, transmembrane protein 2; Twist1, twist-related protein 1; VAV3, guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; ZEB2, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2.