Table 2.

Most important antifungal prophylaxis randomized studies in high risk haematological patients.

Authors	Patients	Antifungal prophylaxis	Results	Others
Cornely et al [9]	Acute myelogenous leukaemia or the myelodysplastic syndrome undergoing chemotherapy	Posaconazole (304) vs fluconazole (240) or itraconazole (58)	Posaconazole was superior in the prevention of IFI (p<0.001) and had lower mortality than any other cause (p=0.048)	More serious adverse events in posaconazolegroup (p=0.01)
Ullman et al [10]	GVHD who were receiving immunosuppressive treatment	Posaconazole (n=301) vs fluconazole (n=299)	Posaconazole was as effective as fluconazole in preventing all IFI (p=0.07) Posaconazole was superior in preventing invasive aspergillosis (p=0.006). Overall mortality was similar, but lower due to invasive fungal infections in the posaconazole group (p=0.046).	Adverse events were similar.
Wingard et al [11]	Patients undergoing HSCT	Fluconazole (n=295) vs voriconazole (n=305)	Voriconazole trends to be more effective in preventing IFIs (p=0.12) and Aspergillusinfections (p=0.09). No differences in fungal-free survival at 6 months and overall survival	Severe adverse events were similar.

IFI: invasive fungal infection. GVHD: graft versus host disease. HSCT: haematopoietic stem cell transplantation