Table I.

Sequences of the primers.

Factor	Upstream primer	Downstream primer
TNF-α	5′-CCACGCTCTTCTGTCTACTGA-3′	5′-AAGGTACAACCCATCGGCTG-3′
TGF-β1	5′-CCAACTATTGCTTCAGCTCCA-3′	5′-GTGTCCAGGCTCCAAATGT-3′
GAPDH	5′-GGTTGTCTCCTGCGACTTCA-3′	5′-TGGTCCAGGGTTTCTTACTCC-3′

TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.