Morphology of cultured HuMSCs and cell transfection. (A) Primary culture of HuMSCs at day 7. Fibroblasts of HuMSCs migrated out of the tissue block. (B-D) Fibroblast-like HuMSCs of the (B) 1st, (C) 3rd and (D) 5th passage (magnification, ×100). (E) Diagram of the Ad-3F and Ad-Pax4 constructs. (F-I) EGFP immunofluorescence of HuMSCs transfected with (F) Ad-EGFP, (G) Ad-Pax4, (H) Ad-3F and (I) Ad-Pxa4/Ad-3F at 48 h (magnification, ×200). (J) Expression of genes, including PDX1, NGN3, MAFA and PAX4, in HuMSCs transfected with Ad-EGFP, Ad-Pax4, Ad-3F and Ad-Pax4/Ad-3F at 48 h. ***P<0.001 vs. EGFP. Pdx1, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1; MafA, MAF bZIP transcription factor A; Ngn3, neurogenin 3; Pax4, paired box 4; Ad-Pax4, adenovirus expressing Pax4; Ad-3F, Ad-Pdx1/MafA/Ngn3; HuMSCs, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; PCMV, cytomegalovirus plasmid; EGFP, enhanced green fluorescence plasmid.