Figure 4.

Mg²⁺ suppresses inflammation in endothelia. A–C) Effect of Mg²⁺‐deficiency on cytokines and pro‐inflammatory mediators release in endothelial cells. Time‐course release of PGE2, TNFα, and IL‐1β with Mg²⁺ (2 mmol L⁻¹) or Mg²⁺‐deficiency (0.1 mmol L⁻¹). D) Effect of Mg²⁺‐deficiency on endothelial cell adhesion molecules, the mRNA levels of ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1, in animal models. E) Protein expression level of ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 by Western blot. F) Quantitative measurements of Western blot of ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1. (***P < 0.001, vs Mg²⁺‐deficiency; n = 4).