Table 1.

Average fMRI activation

MNI X Y Z	Anatomical area		kE	T
A – Nociceptive processing
-30–58 -26	L	Cerebellar hemisphere	6763	10.22
26–58 -24	R	Cerebellar hemisphere		9.47
6–64 -16	BL	Cerebellar vermis		9.47
-38–12 56	L	Motor cortex	11,434*	9.09
-2 2 56		Suppl. Motor area /SMA		9.02
-62–20 18		Somatosensory cortex (head)		8.94
64–16 20	R	Somatosensory cortex (head)	7887†	8.82
60 12 0		Rolandic operculum		8.80
58 12 18		Frontal inf. Operculum		7.03
42 46 18	R	Dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex	331	5.67
36 50 24				5.24
-34 44 28	L	Dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex	45	5.08
-10–22 48	L	Cingulum	48	5.07
40–14 -6	R	Posterior insula	35	4.95
46–26–4		Superior temporal gyrus		4.90
52–38 -16	R	Middle temporal gyrus	46	4.89
56–48 -18		Inferior temporal gyrus		4.83
B – Visual processing
-8–88 0	BL	Calcarine gyrus	32,000‡	18.86
4–88 -2		Lingual gyrus		17.93
6–80 -2				17.31
0–54 -36	BL	Cerebellar vermis	91	7.34
50–4 54	R	Middle Frontal Gyrus	53	5.30
C – Motor processing
38–18 58	R	M1/Precentral Gyrus	2438	20.67
50–16 52				12.48
-16–50 -20	L	Cerebellar hemisphere	1502	15.62
-58–18 48	L	Pre- + Postcentral Gyrus	113	6.61
8–4 54	R	Suppl. motor cortex	226	6.52
6 0 66				5.39
-8–88 0	BL	Calcarine gyrus	800	6.47
8–98 -4				5.82
10–82 4				5.23
16–20 6	R	Thalamus	42	5.77

Averaged BOLD responses (respecting all three tDC-stimulation paradigms to a third) to A nociceptive stimulation, B visual stimulation and C motor activation (incl. visual instruction); All results are whole brain Family-Wise-Error corrected (p_FWE < 0.05). Fused blobs: *including activation in the thalamus, anterior and posterior insular cortex, † including activation in the thalamus, anterior insular cortex and basal ganglia. ‡ widespread bilateral activation of V1, visual thalami and downstream visual cortices. R = right, L = left, BL = bilateral, k_E = cluster extend; MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute