Table 1.
Main characteristics of matched case–control study participants, 2012–2015
| Variable | Afebrile (N = 61) | Febrile (N = 61) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year, n(%) | |||
| 2012 | 4 (6.5) | 4 (6.5) | NA |
| 2013 | 20 (32.8) | 20 (32.8) | |
| 2014 | 22 (36.1) | 22 (36.1) | |
| 2015 | 15 (24.6) | 15 (24.6) | |
| Age, years, n(%) | |||
| 0 ≤ 5 | 33 (54.1) | 33 (54.1) | NA |
| 5 ≤ 15 | 13 (21.3) | 13 (21.3) | |
| 15 ≤ 25 | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.3) | |
| > 25 | 13 (21.3) | 13 (21.3) | |
| Parasite density (parasites/µL, n(%)) | |||
| 0– ≤ 200 | 24 (39.4) | 24 (39.4) | NA |
| > 200– ≤ 1000 | 11 (18.0) | 11 (18.0) | |
| > 1000 | 26 (42.6) | 26 (42.6) | |
| aAxillary temperature, n(%) | |||
| ≥ 37.5 °C | 0 (0) | 13 (21.3) | < 0.001 |
| < 37.5 °C | 61 (100) | 48 (78.7) | |
| Reported fever in the previous 24 h, n(%) | |||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 58 (95.1) | < 0.001 |
| No | 61 (100) | 3 (4.9) | |
| Sex, n(%) | |||
| Male | 31 (50.8) | 25 (41.0) | 0.377 |
| Female | 30 (49.2) | 36 (59.0) | |
| bArea, n(%) | |||
| Maragra | 4 (6.5) | 10 (16.4) | 0.812 |
| Manhiça | 13 (21.3) | 10 (16.4) | |
| Malavele | 0 (0) | 5 (8.2) | |
| Palmeira | 22 (36.1) | 17 (27.9) | |
| Taninga | 3 (4.9) | 3 (4.9) | |
| Ilha Josina | 19 (31.2) | 16 (26.2) | |
McNemar’s Chi squared test—categorical data; NA Not applicable
aat the time of visit
bConditional logistic regression controlling for the matched pairs