Disruption of membrane permeability by inhibition of CfaS function. (A) Uptake of NPN by H. pylori cells. The data are the means, with standard error bars, from three independent determinations, analyzed by Student's t test. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; NS, not significant. (B) Morphological alterations of H. pylori strains. TEM was used to investigate the morphology of H. pylori cells after overnight culture. 26695+Dioc-treated denotes the cells grown with 50 μM dioctylamine. Scale bars, 500 nm.