PinT regulates motility and flagellar genes in Salmonella. (A) The strains containing pBRpLac or pPinT were applied as spots in motility plates with 0.3% agar. (B to D) β-Galactosidase activity in Salmonella strains containing the flhD′-lacZ+ transcriptional fusion (B), fliZ′-lacZ+ transcriptional fusion (C), or hilA′-′lacZ translational fusion (D) in the indicated background and either the empty vector or plasmids overexpressing PinT. Cells were subcultured 1:100 into 2 ml of HSLB in a 13-mm tube and grown on a roller drum for 4 h. β-Galactosidase activity units are defined as (μmol of ONP formed min−1) × 106/(OD600 × ml of cell suspension) and are reported as mean ± standard deviation, where n = 3. P values (unpaired t test) are indicated as follows: ***, P < 0.001; n.s., not significant. The strains used are 14028, JS2347, JS2349, JS696, JS2333, and JS2350, each with plasmid pBRplac or pPinT.