Table 4.
KCCQ Scores by Diabetic Status
| Quality‐of‐Life Domains | P interaction (Diabetes Mellitus×HF Group) | HFrEF | HFpEF | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Mellitus | No Diabetes Mellitus | P Value | Diabetes Mellitus | No Diabetes Mellitus | P Value | ||
| Physical limitation score | 0.002 | 66.5 (0.6) | 68.8 (0.5) | 0.007 | 70.6 (1.2) | 77.8 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Symptom stability score | 0.048 | 63.1 (0.7) | 63.6 (0.6) | 0.597 | 56.4 (1.4) | 59.3 (1.3) | 0.139 |
| Symptom frequency score | 0.141 | 66.6 (0.7) | 69.4 (0.5) | 0.001 | 68.0 (1.5) | 73.0 (1.3) | 0.014 |
| Symptom burden score | 0.054 | 70.1 (0.6) | 72.2 (0.5) | 0.015 | 75.1 (1.2) | 80.0 (1.1) | 0.004 |
| Total symptom score | 0.081 | 68.3 (0.6) | 70.8 (0.5) | 0.003 | 71.6 (1.3) | 76.5 (1.1) | 0.005 |
| Self‐efficacy score | 0.050 | 64.3 (0.7) | 64.8 (0.5) | 0.584 | 65.4 (1.4) | 68.4 (1.3) | 0.124 |
| Quality‐of‐life score | 0.001 | 55.8 (0.6) | 56.7 (0.5) | 0.259 | 64.4 (1.2) | 69.8 (1.1) | 0.001 |
| Social limitation score | 0.001 | 59.8 (0.8) | 63.1 (0.7) | 0.003 | 70.2 (1.6) | 79.5 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Overall summary score | 0.001 | 62.8 (0.6) | 65.0 (0.4) | 0.004 | 69.1 (1.1) | 75.8 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Clinical summary score | 0.006 | 67.5 (0.6) | 69.9 (0.4) | 0.001 | 70.9 (1.1) | 77.0 (1.0) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as adjusted mean (SE). Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, regional income, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, ejection fraction, obstructive pulmonary disease, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, coronary artery disease, educational status, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, β blockers, and diuretics. HF indicates heart failure; HFpEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, HF with reduced ejection fraction; KCCQ, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire.